Inverse subsemigroups of finite index in finitely generated inverse semigroups (Q722557)

Let $S$ be an inverse semigroup. A subset $A\subseteq S$ is called \textit{closed} if for any $a\in A$ and $s\ge a$ one has $s\in A$. The \textit{closure} of $B\subseteq S$ is the set $B^\uparrow=\{s\in S\mid \exists b\in B: s\ge b\}$. A subset $L\subseteq S$ is said to be \textit{full} whenever $E(S)\subseteq L$. An \textit{atlas} in $S$ is a subset $A\subseteq S$ such that $AA^{-1}A=A$. A \textit{coset} in $S$ is a closed atlas. \par It was proved by \textit{B. M. Schein} [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Mat. 1962, No. 3(28), 164--176 (1962; Zbl 0228.20062)] that $C\subseteq S$ is a coset if and only if there exists a closed inverse subsemigroup $L$ of $S$ such that for all $s\in C$ one has $ss^{-1}\in L$ and $C=(Ls)^\uparrow$. In this case one says that $C$ is a \textit{right coset} of $L$. If $C$ is a right coset of $L$, then it is shown that $L=(CC^{-1})^\uparrow$. There is also an equivalent characterization of $C$ as a left coset of some closed inverse subsemigroup $K$ of $S$. \par The union of all the (right) cosets of a closed inverse subsemigroup $L$ of $S$ may not coincide with $S$. More precisely, this holds if and only if $L$ is full. The closed inverse subsemigroups $L$ of $S$ whose union of right cosets is a closed inverse subsemigroup of $S$ are also described. \par The \textit{index} $[S:L]$ of a closed inverse subsemigroup $L$ of $S$ is the cardinality of the set of right cosets of $L$. It coincides with the cardinality of the set of left cosets of $L$. If $K$ and $H$ are closed inverse subsemigroups of $S$ such that $K\subseteq H$ and $K$ is full in $S$, then $[S:K]=[S:H][H:K]$. Observe that $S$ is $E$-unitary if and only if $E(S)$ is closed. In this case $[S:E(S)]$ coincides with the cardinality of the maximum group image of $S$. \par One of the main results of the work is the following theorem: a finitely generated inverse semigroup can have only a finite number of closed inverse subsemigroups of a fixed finite index. Another important fact is that a closed inverse submonoid $L$ of finite index in a finitely generated inverse monoid $M$ is finitely generated. Such inverse submonoids $L$ are also characterized as recognizable subsets of $M$.