Divergent series, summability and resurgence I. Monodromy and resurgence (Q726531)

The book is the first of three independent books whose aim is to describe methods of the analytic theory of differential equations such as monodromy, analytic continuation, resurgence, summability etc. It is aimed at graduate students, mathematicians and theoretical physicists. Part I (written by C. Mitschi) consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 introduces basic notions of complex analysis such as Riemann sphere, Riemann surface, analytic continuation and monodromy, after which the bases of the theory of linear differential systems, their singular points and local solutions are exposed. Chapter 2 speaks about differential and analytic differential Galois theory, differential fields, Picard-Vessiot extensions, local and global differential Galois group, regular and irregular singular points of linear differential systems, formal monodromy, exponential torus, (infinitesimal) Stokes matrices and Ramis's theorem. Chapter 3 deals with inverse problems -- whether given a matrix group \(G\) and a finite set \(S\) of points on the Riemann sphere one can find a linear differential system with \(S\) as the set of its singular points and with \(G\) as its monodromy group. If one requires the system to be Fuchsian (i.e. with logarithmic poles only), then one obtains the formulation of the Riemann-Hilbert problem which is considered in detail in Chapter 4. The Deligne-Simpson problem is also mentioned in Chapter 3 (for which \((p+1)\)-tuples of conjugacy classes \(C_j\subset GL(n,\mathbb{C})\), resp. \(c_j\subset gl(n,\mathbb{C})\), do there exist matrices \(M_j\in C_j\), resp. \(A_j\in c_j\), such that \(M_1\cdots M_{p+1}=id\), resp. \(A_1+\cdots +A_{p+1}=0\)). Each of the four chapters contains exercises and their solutions. Part II (written by D. Sauzin) consists of three chapters. Chapter 5 considers the Borel-Laplace summation, the Borel and Laplace transforms and \(1\)-Gevrey asymptotic expansions. It analyzes an example due to Poincaré, also the Euler and the Stirling series, and then it is concerned with \(1\)-summable formal series and (\(1\)-summable) formal and holomorphic diffeomorphisms. Chapter 6 is devoted to resurgent functions and alien calculus. This includes properties of the analytic continuation of a convolution product, of singularities of resurgent functions, of alien operators and of symbolic Stokes automorphisms for given directions. The Euler and Stirling series are again used as examples and a resurgent treatment of the Airy equation is performed. The chapter gives a brief account of the way as resurgent methods can be applied to the saddle-node problem. Chapter 7 contains facts about holomorphic tangent-to-identity germs, resurgence and summability of iterators, Fatou coordinates of a simple parabolic germ, horn maps and analytic classification, the Bridge Equation and the action of the symbolic Stokes automorphisms.