From pro-\(p\) Iwahori-Hecke modules to \((\phi ,\Gamma)\)-modules. I. (Q726776)

This paper under review is the first step in one of many attempts to generalize the \(p\)-adic local Langlands correspondence à la \textit{P. Colmez} [in: Représentations \(p\)-adiques de groupes \(p\)-adiques II: Représentations de \(\text{GL}_2 (\mathbb Q_p)\) et \((\varphi, \Gamma)\)-modules. Paris: Société Mathématique de France. 281--509 (2010; Zbl 1218.11107)] beyond the case of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb Q_p)\). Roughly speaking, the so-called Colmez functor sends a admissible torsion representation of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb Q_p)\) first to a finite torsion module over certain Iwahori-Hecke algebra and then to a torsion \((\varphi, \Gamma)\)-module (which will give rise to a torsion Galois representation of \(\mathrm{Gal}(\overline {\mathbb Q}_p/\mathbb Q_p)\) by Fontaine theory). This paper gives one generalization of Colmez's functor to the case of general split reductive group over \(\mathbb Q_p\). Let us be precise. Let \(G\) be a split reductive group over \(\mathbb Q_p\), \(T\) a maximal split torus in \(G\), and \(N\) the unipotent subgroup of a Borel subgroup of \(G\). Fix an Iwahori subgroup \(I_0\) and put \(N_0 = N \cap I_0\). Taking the coefficient ring to be the ring of integers \(\mathfrak o\) in a finite extension of \(\mathbb Q_p\) with residue field \(k\), the author considers the pro-\(p\) Iwahori-Hecke algebra \(\mathcal H(G, I_0)\). The main result of this paper is to construct a functor from the category \(\mathrm{Mod}^{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal H(G, I_0))\) of finite length \(\mathcal H(G, I_0)\)-modules to étale \((\varphi^r, \Gamma)\)-modules over the Fontaine's ring \(\mathcal O_{\mathcal E}\). This functor depends on several choices: {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(1)] a sequence of codimension \(0\) facets \(C^{(\bullet)}=(C^{(0)}, C^{(1)}, \dots)\) (called a semi-infinite reduced chamber gallery) in the \(T\)-stable apartment such that, \(C^{(0)}\) corresponds to the Iwahori group \(I_0\), \(C^{(i+1)}\) is the reflection of \(C^{(i)}\) with respect to a positive root, and that the \(N_0\)-orbit of the facet \(C^{(i)}\) has cardinality \(p^i\); \item[(2)] a period \(\phi \in N(T)\) of \(C^{(\bullet)}\) of length \(r\), namely \(\phi(C^{(i)}) = C^{(i+r)}\); and \item[(3)] a homomorphism \(\tau: \mathbb Z_p^\times \to T\) compatible with \(\phi\), in the sense that \(\tau(\mathbb Z_p^\times)\) commutes with \(\phi\). \end{itemize}} Before reviewing the construction, let us mention that when \(G= \mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb Q_p)\), the author shows that this recovers the construction of Colmez's functor. Moreover, when \(G = \mathrm{GL}_{d+1}(\mathbb Q_p)\), the author shows that there are two essential choices of the triple \((C^{(\bullet)}, \phi, \tau)\) with \(r=1\), corresponding to the standard representation of \(G\) and its dual, respectively. Either one of them, via Fontaine's theory gives rise to a functor from \(\mathrm{Mod}^{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal H(G, I_0))\) to \(\mathfrak o\)-representations of \(\mathrm{Gal}_{\mathbb Q_p}\) of finite length, which restricts to an explicit bijection between the set of absolutely simple supersingular \(\mathcal H(G,I_0)\otimes_{\mathfrak o}k\)-modules of dimension \(d+1\) and the set of irreducible representations of \(\mathrm{Gal}_{\mathbb Q_p}\) over \(k\) of dimension \(d+1\) (and hence generalizing the result of \textit{R. Ollivier} [Algebra Number Theory 4, No. 6, 701--742 (2010; Zbl 1243.22017)] who proved that the two sets have the same cardinality). We now briefly summarize the construction of the functor. For each left \(\mathcal H(G, I_0)\)-module \(M\), the author first constructs a \(G\)-equivariant coefficient system \(\mathcal V_M\) on the Bruhat-Tits building \(X\) of \(G\). Then the author shows that there exists some appropriate identification \(\Theta\) of the \(N_0\)-orbits of the tree structure of \(C^{(\bullet)}\) and the Bruhat-Tits half-tree \(\mathfrak X_+\) of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb Q_p)\), so then one can pushforward the coefficient system \(\mathcal V_M\) (restricted to \(C^{(\bullet)}\)) to \(\mathfrak X_+\), obtaining a coefficient system \(\Theta_*(\mathcal V_M)\) equivariant for the action of \((\varphi^r,\Gamma, \begin{pmatrix} 1&\mathbb Z_p\\0 & 1 \end{pmatrix})\). The author shows that the zero-th homology \(H_0(\mathfrak X_+, \mathcal V_M)\) is independent of the choice of the identification \(\Theta\). Finally, the author derives an étale \((\varphi^r, \Gamma)\)-module from this construction: \[ \mathbf D(M): = H_0(\mathfrak X_+, \mathcal V_M)^* \otimes_{\mathcal O_{\mathcal E}^+}\mathcal O_{\mathcal E}, \] where \(\mathcal O_{\mathcal E}\) and \(\mathcal O_{\mathcal E}^+\) are the standard Fontaine rings.