On a class of quadratic Urysohn-Hammerstein integral equations of mixed type and initial value problem of fractional order (Q727554)

The author obtains sufficient conditions for the existence of a.e. nondecreasing solutions on \( \mathbb R^{+} \) of the initial value problem of integro-differential equations with fractional derivative of the form \[ \begin{split} \frac{dz(t)}{dt}= g(t,f_{2}(t,D^{\gamma}z(t)) &\times \int_{0}^{\infty}k_{1}(t,\theta)f_{1}(\theta,D^{\gamma}z(\theta))d\theta,f_{3}(t,D^{\gamma}z(t)) \\ &\times\int_{0}^{t}u(t,\theta,D^{\gamma}z(\theta))d\theta),\end{split}\tag{*} \] \( \gamma\in(0,1]\), \(t\in \mathbb R^{+}\), \(z(0)=0 \), where \( D^{\gamma}z \) denotes the fractional derivative of order \( \gamma \) of \( z \) with \( \gamma\in(0,1] \) and the integral equation of the form \[ \begin{split} x(t)=\int^{t}_{0}k(t,s)g(s,f_{2}(s,x(s)) &\times\int_{0}^{\infty}k_{1}(s,\theta)f_{1}(\theta,x(\theta))d\theta,f_{3}(s,x(s)) \\ &\times\int_{0}^{s}u(s,\theta,x(\theta))d\theta)ds.\end{split}\tag{**} \] The following two results are established: Theorem 1. Under prescribed conditions, (**) has at least one integrable solution a.e. nondreasing on \( \mathbb R^{+} \). Theorem 2. Under appropriate conditions, the initial value problem (*) has at least one integrable solution \( z(t) \) which is a.e. nondreasing on \( \mathbb R^{+} \). The equations considered are very general. As not a single example is given to illustrate the results obtained, it is possible that the conditions assumed in Theorems 1 and 2 are vacuously satisfied.