Commutators of singular integrals, the Bergman projection, and boundary regularity of elliptic equations in the plane (Q727715)

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Commutators of singular integrals, the Bergman projection, and boundary regularity of elliptic equations in the plane
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    Commutators of singular integrals, the Bergman projection, and boundary regularity of elliptic equations in the plane (English)
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    20 December 2016
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    The interesting paper under review deals with sharp boundary regularity in Hölder spaces \(C^{k,\alpha}\) of the solutions to the first-order equation \[ f_{\overline{z}}=a(z)f_z+b(z)\overline{f}_{\overline{z}}+c(z) \eqno{(*)} \] over a smooth and bounded domain \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{C},\) where \(f_z=\partial f/\partial z,\) \(f_{\overline{z}}=\partial f/\partial\overline{z}\) and the equation is assumed to be elliptic, that is, \[ |a(z)|+|b(z)|\leq a_0<1. \] The author considers the scalar equation \((*)\) with the Dirichlet boundary condition \(\text{Re\,}f\big|_{\partial\Omega}=f_0.\) Assuming \(a,b,c\in C^{k,\alpha}\) and \(f_0\in C^{k+1,\alpha},\) \(k\geq0,\) \(\alpha\in(0,1),\) it is proved that the generalized solution of \((*)\) lies in \(C^{k+1,\alpha}.\) Although the equation \((*)\) can be reduced to a second-order elliptic equation if \(k\geq1\) and the conclusion follows by the Schauder theory, the author gives a detailed proof for all \(k\geq0,\) covering also the vectorial version of \((*)\) when the regularity of the Dirichlet problem is obtained for \(a=0.\) Another common boundary condition for \((*)\) is \(K_\Omega f=f_0\) with the Cauchy type integral \[ K_\Omega f(z)=\dfrac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{\partial\Omega} \dfrac{f(t)dt}{t-z},\quad z\in\Omega \] and where \(f_0\) is a given holomorphic function in \(\Omega.\) In particular, the homogeneous condition \(K_\Omega f=0\) means that \(f\) extends holomorphically to \(\mathbb{C}\setminus\Omega\) and vanishes at infinity. The author proves boundary regularity for the problem \((*),\) \(K_\Omega f=f_0\) in the scalar case for general \(a\) and \(b\) for which \((*)\) is elliptic, and in the vectorial case for \(a=0\) and \(\|b\|_\infty<1.\) All these interesting results are obtained via the Calderón-Zygmund approach, by proving boundedness in Hölder spaces of the singular integral operator \[ S_\Omega u(z)=\text{P.V.} \int_\Omega \dfrac{u(t)d^2t}{(t-z)^2}\quad (d^2t=(2\pi i)^{-1}dt\wedge d\overline{t}) \] and its commutator with the multiplication by \(a,\) \[ [S_\Omega,a]u(z)=\int_\Omega \dfrac{a(t)-a(z)}{(t-z)^2}u(t)d^2t. \]
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    first-order elliptic equation
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    singular integral
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    commutator
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    Bergman projection
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