Bordered Heegaard Floer homology and graph manifolds (Q728310)

Heegaard Floer homology is an invariant of closed 3-manifolds defined by \textit{P. Ozsváth} and \textit{Z. Szabó} in [Ann. Math. (2) 159, No. 3, 1027--1158 (2004; Zbl 1073.57009)]. Bordered Heegaard Floer homology is an extension of Heegaard Floer homology to manifolds with boundary. It was defined by \textit{R. Lipshitz}, \textit{P. Ozsváth} and \textit{D. Thurston} in [``Bordered Heegaard Floer homology: invariance and pairing'', Preprint (2011), \url{arXiv:0810.0687}]. The main result of the paper under review is an algorithm computing the bordered Heegaard Floer homology \(\widehat{HF}\) of any graph manifold. The key ingredient is to compute the bordered invariants for arbitrary \(S^1\)-bundles over surfaces, the building blocks of graph manifolds. Changing the Euler number of one of these bundles is equivalent to changing the parametrization of the boundary. It can be done by tensoring with a bimodule described by Lipshitz, Ozsváth and Thurston in [\textit{R. Lipshitz} et al., Geom. Topol. 19, No. 2, 525--724 (2015; Zbl 1315.57036)]. Hence, one only needs to compute invariants for trivial bundles over surfaces. It is sufficient to consider bundles over orientable surfaces, and since orientable surfaces have a pants decomposition -- it can be obtained by gluing together copies of the pair of pants \(P\) -- the trivial \(S^1\)-bundle \(Y_P:=P\times S^1\) over the surface can be obtained by gluing copies of the trivial \(S^1\)-bundle \(Y_P\) over \(P\). The author first provides an explicit computation of the trimodule \(\widehat{CFD}\vphantom{X}^3(Y_P)\). Then for the case when the graph has a cycle or some vertex has positive genus, an additional bimodule is needed. A bordered Heegaard diagram for this bimodule was described by \textit{R. Lipshitz} and \textit{D. Treumann} in Section 4.4 of [J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 18, No. 2, 281--325 (2016; Zbl 1342.57013)], but the bimodule was not computed. The author computes this bimodule \(\widehat{CFDD}(H_{SG})\). Then, for an arbitrary plumbing graph, the author provides the procedure for combining the relevant bordered invariants to compute \(\widehat{HF}\) of the corresponding graph manifold.