Intrinsic character of Stokes matrices (Q729963)

This article deals with the Stokes phenomenon of linear differential systems with a non-resonant irregular singularity of Poincaré rank \(k\) at the origin \(0\in\mathbb{C}\). More precisely, the authors consider a system of the form \[ x^{k+1}\dfrac{dY}{dx}=A(x)Y, \] where \(A(x)\) is a matrix of analytic functions at \(0\) satisfying \(A(0)=\mathrm{diag}(\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n)\) and \(\lambda_j\neq\lambda_\ell\) for \(j\neq\ell\). The Stokes matrices of this system are defined as the transition matrices between two asymptotic solutions whose definition's domains overlap and contain, in their intersection, exactly one separating ray for each pair \((\lambda_j,\lambda_\ell)\) with \(j\neq\ell\), that is a direction \(\theta\) satisfying \(\mathrm{Re}((\lambda_j-\lambda_\ell)e^{-ik\theta})=0\). This definition slightly differs from the classical definition, where one rather considers the anti-Stokes directions, that is the directions \(\theta\) for which \((\lambda_j-\lambda_\ell)e^{-ik\theta}\) is a real negative number (see [\textit{W. Balser} et al., Funkc. Ekvacioj, Ser. Int. 22, 257--283 (1979; Zbl 0473.34028); \textit{M. Loday-Richaud}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 44, No. 3, 849--906 (1994; Zbl 0812.34004); \textit{M. Loday-Richaud} and the reviewer, J. Differ. Equations 250, No. 3, 1591--1630 (2011; Zbl 1214.34087); \textit{J.-P. Ramis}, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 301, 165--167 (1985; Zbl 0593.12015)]for instance). It is well-known that a convient rotation of the variable \(x\) associated with a permutation of the coordinates of \(Y\) allow to write the Stokes matrices in a (lower or upper) triangular form. However, the choice of this rotation is not canonical and many choices can be made. The aim of this paper and its main interest is to investigate and to display how the Stokes matrices depend on the choice of this rotation. In particular, the authors display an explicit formula describing this dependance.