Cubic structures, equivariant Euler characteristics and lattices of modular forms (Q731192)

The aim of the article under review is to present a fixed point Riemann-Roch formula for the equivariant Euler characteristics of coherent sheaves on projective flat schemes over \(\mathbb{Z}\) with a tame action of a finite abelian group. Precisely, let \(X\) be a projective flat scheme over \(\mathbb{Z}\) endowed with an action of a finite abelian group \(G\), and let \(\mathcal{F}\) be a \(G\)-equivariant coherent locally free sheaf on \(X\). Denote by \(\chi(X,\mathcal{F})\) the equivariant Euler characteristic \(\sum_i(-1)^i[\text{H}^i(X,\mathcal{F})]\) in the Grothendieck group \(G_0(\mathbb{Z}[G])\) of all finitely generated \(\mathbb{Z}[G]\)-modules. If the action of \(G\) on \(X\) is tame, i.e. if for any point \(x\) of \(X\), the order of the inertia subgroup \(I_x\) of \(x\) is relatively prime to the residue field characteristic of \(x\), then there is a refinement \(\chi^P(X,\mathcal{F})\) of \(\chi(X,\mathcal{F})\) in the Grothendieck group \(K_0(\mathbb{Z}[G])\) of all finitely generated projective \(\mathbb{Z}[G]\)-modules. The main result of the article under review gives a computation of \(\chi^P(X,\mathcal{F})\) and \(\chi(X,\mathcal{F})\), actually the authors indicated a Lefschetz-Riemann-Roch formula for \(\chi^P(X,\mathcal{F})\) and \(\chi(X,\mathcal{F})\) with an explicit, bounded denominator. This result confirms that the equivariant Euler characteristics \(\chi^P(X,\mathcal{F})\) and \(\chi(X,\mathcal{F})\) may be determined from the restriction of \(\mathcal{F}\) to an infinitesimal neighborhood of the fixed point locus \(X'=\bigcup_{e\neq g\in G}X^g\) where \(X^g\) stands for the subscheme of \(X\) fixed by the action of \(g\in G\). The main tool the authors used is the theory of cubic structures, and the main application the authors discussed is the description of the Galois module structure of modular forms with Fourier coefficients in a ring of algebraic integers, as well as the Galois module structure of the Tate-Shafarevich groups and Mordell-Weil groups of Jacobians of modular curves under the action of diamond Hecke operators.