Relations between the leading terms of a polynomial automorphism (Q731233)

Let \(K\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. For any positive numbers \(w_1,\dots,w_n\) the authors consider the degree function \(\deg_1\) of the polynomial algebra \(K[x_1,\dots,x_n]\) which assigns the weights \(w_i\) to \(x_i\). Let \(\overline{f}\) be the homogeneous component of maximal \(\deg_1\)-degree of the polynomial \(f\in K[x_1,\dots,x_n]\). For a polynomial automorphism \(\Phi=(f_1,\dots,f_n)\) of \(K^n\) the authors study the ideal \(I\triangleleft K[x_1,\dots,x_n]\) of relations between the \(\deg_1\)-homogeneous polynomials \(\overline{f_1},\dots,\overline{f_n}\). The first main result gives that there exists a nonzero locally nilpotent derivation \(\partial\) such that \(\partial(I)\subset I\). If the ideal \(I\) is principal, i.e., \(I=(R)\) for some polynomial \(R\in K[x_1,\dots,x_n]\), then \(\partial(R)=0\). Then, for the standard degree function \(\deg_1\), the authors introduce a new degree function \(\deg_2\) by \(\deg_2(x_i)=\deg_1(f_i)\) and, when the ideal of relations \(I=(R)\) is principal, give an upper bound for \(\deg_2(R)\). As an application of their results, the authors give two new elementary proofs of the Jung-van der Kulk theorem that the automorphisms of \(K^2\) are tame. Another important application is for the automorphisms of \(K^3\) with principal ideal \(I\). The authors give a complete list of such ideals.