The Bochner technique and modification of the Ricci tensor (Q735013)

Let \((M,g)\) be a closed oriented connected Riemannian manifold of dimension \(n\). The author generalizes the vanishing theorems of Bochner by using a modified Ricci tensor. He shows the following Theorem. Suppose \(M\) admits a positive smooth function \(u\) with \[ \text{Ric}-\kappa \operatorname{Hess}(u)/u+(k-1)(\Delta u)g/(2u)\geq 0.\tag{\(*\)} \] {\parindent=6,5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] Every harmonic vector is parallel. \item[(2)] If \((*)\) is strictly positive at the point of \(M\) giving the minimum value of \(u\) and if \(0\leq\kappa\leq 1\), then there is no nontrivial harmonic vector field. \item[(3)] If \(u\) is non-constant and if \(\kappa=0\), there is a negative constant \(\gamma\) such that \(\text{Ric}\geq\gamma\). \end{itemize}} Theorem. Suppose \(M\) admits a smooth positive smooth function \(u\) with \[ \text{Ric}-\kappa \operatorname{Hess}(u)/u-(k-1)(\Delta u)g/(2u)\leq 0.\tag{\(**\)} \] {\parindent=6,5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] Every Killing vector field is parallel. \item[(2)] If \((**)\) is strictly negative at the point of \(M\) giving the minimum value of \(u\) and if \(\kappa\leq0\), then there is no nontrivial Killing vector field. \item[(3)] If \((**)\) is strictly negative at the point of \(M\) giving the maximum value of \(u\) and if \(\kappa\geq1\), then there is no nontrivial Killing vector field. \item[(4)] If \(u\) is non-constant and if \(\kappa=0\), there is a positive constant \(\beta\) such that \(\text{Ric}\leq\beta\). \end{itemize}} There is also a result concerning the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Laplace operator \(\Delta\) on \(M\) which generalizes an estimate of Lichnerowicz: Theorem. Let \((M,g)\) be a closed, oriented, connected Riemannian manifold of dimension \(n\geq2\) and let \(f\in C^\infty(M)\) be an eigenfunction corresponding to the first nonzero eigenvalue \(\lambda\) of \(\Delta\). Suppose \(M\) admits a smooth positive smooth function \(u\) with \[ \text{Ric}-\kappa \operatorname{Hess}(u)/u+(k-1)(\Delta u)g/(2u)\geq H>0.\tag{\(***\)} \] (1) If \(\kappa\geq-1/n\), then \(\lambda\geq H/(1+\kappa)\). (2) If \(g(\nabla u,\nabla f)=0\), then \(\lambda\geq nH/(n-1)\).