Uniqueness of Rankin-Selberg products (Q740928)

Let \(F\) be a non-Archimedean locally compact field. The origin of the local Langlands correspondence comes from local class field theory. It is established there a one-to-one correspondence between characters of \(F^\times\) and characters of the Weil group of \(F\) (this is the local correspondence for \(\mathrm{GL}_1(F)\)). For \(n>1\) it was conjectured that there is a one-to-one correspondence between irreducible smooth representations of the group \(\mathrm{GL}_n(F)\) and \(n\)-dimensional representations of the Weil group or rather the Weil-Deligne group, together with some well-defined compatibility between local \(L\)-functions and local factors (\(\gamma\) and \(\varepsilon\) factors). The case \(n=2\) started with the famous work of \textit{H. Jacquet} and \textit{R. P. Langlands} [Automorphic forms on \(\mathrm{GL}(2)\). York: Springer-Verlag (1970; Zbl 0236.12010)], then continued by \textit{J. B. Tunnell} [Invent. Math. 46, 179--200 (1978; Zbl 0385.12006)] and finished by \textit{P. Kutzko} [Ann. Math. (2) 112, 381--412 (1980; Zbl 0469.22013)]. The case \(n=3\) is a theorem of the first author [Mém. Soc. Math. Fr., Nouv. Sér. 11/12, 186 p. (1983; Zbl 0577.12011)]. Later this conjecture was settled down for any \(n\) in positive characteristic by \textit{G. Laumon} et al. [Invent. Math. 113, No. 2, 217--338 (1993; Zbl 0809.11032)], and finally proved in characteristic zero by \textit{M. Harris} and \textit{R. Taylor} [The geometry and cohomology of some simple Shimura varieties. With an appendix by Vladimir G. Berkovich. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (2001; Zbl 1036.11027)] and also by the first author [Invent. Math. 139, No. 2, 439--455 (2000; Zbl 1048.11092)]. One should note here that some other independent proof of this correspondence was recently given in [Invent. Math. 192, No. 3, 663--715 (2013; Zbl 1305.22025)] by \textit{P. Scholze}. In the global case it is also conjectured a correspondence that is known for function fields, thanks to the work of \textit{L. Lafforgue} [Invent. Math. 147, No. 1, 1--241 (2002; Zbl 1038.11075)]. This article is a continuation of the authors' work on \(\gamma\) factors [Am. J. Math. 133, No. 1, 187--196 (2011; Zbl 1219.11076); ``Characterization of \(\gamma\)-factors: the Asai case'', Int. Math. Res. Not. 2013, No. 17, 4085--4099 (2013; \url{doi:10.1093/imrn/rns171})]. In this paper the authors compare the \(\gamma\) factors defined by \textit{H. Jacquet} et al. [Am. J. Math. 105, 367--464 (1983; Zbl 0525.22018)] and the \(\gamma\) factors coming from the so-called Langlands-Shahidi method (see for instance [\textit{S. D. Miller}, ``A summary of the Langlands-Shahidi method of constructing \(L\)-functions'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:math/0204148}]) and they prove that these factors are equal. In characteristic zero, this result was already proven by \textit{F. Shahidi} [Am. J. Math. 106, 67--111 (1984; Zbl 0567.22008)]. The authors prove the equality of the \(\gamma\) factors both in positive characteristic and in characteristic zero. As the authors point out, their proof has global-local nature, in contrast to Shahidi's methods [loc. cit.] which are essentially local. The authors show that the \(\gamma\) factors are preserved under isomorphisms of local fields, isomorphisms of the local representations, they are compatible with those factors defined by \textit{J. T. Tate} in his famous Thesis [in: Algebraic number theory. London: Academic Press, 162--203 (1967; Zbl 1179.11041)], they satisfy some multiplicative condition on parabolic induced representations and they satisfy also a global functional equation (see Theorem 2.1 for the details). The authors use the methods of representation theory of \(p\)-adic groups, by globalizing local cuspidal representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_n\) into an automorphic representation, which has a controlled ramification at other places (see Theorem 3.1).