Infinite dimensional symmetric spaces and Lax equations compatible with the infinite Toda chain (Q741107)

The Lie algebraic background of integrable hierarchies, both in the differential as in the differential-difference setting is of interest in geometric solutions of Lax equations. One decomposes a Lie algebra as a vector space into the direct sum of two Lie subalgebras. Next, one chooses a collection of basic, linear, independent, commuting directions that are partly lying on one Lie subalgebra and partly on the other and each set is deformed by parameter-dependent group elements corresponding to the other algebra. The deformations one is looking for should have their evolution equations in Lax form. The present paper introduces another decomposition of the Lie algebra \(LT\) and a different set of basic commuting directions. This leads to another system of compatible Lax equations in which the infinite Toda chain fits naturally. The authors present a natural embedding of the infinite Toda chain in a set of Lax equations in the algebra \(LT\) consisting of \(\mathbb Z \times \mathbb Z\)-matrices that possess only a finite number of nonzero diagonals above the main central diagonal. This hierarchy of Lax equations describes the evolution of deformations of a set of commuting anti-symmetric matrices and corresponds to splitting this algebra into its antisymmetric part and the sub algebra of matrices in \(LT\) that have no component above the main diagonal. Further they introduce a suitable \(LT\)-module in which they can distinguish elements, the so-called wave matrices, that will lead to solutions of the hierarchy. They conclude by showing how wave matrices of the infinite Toda chain hierarchy can be constructed starting from an infinite-dimensional symmetric space.