A ratio of integration between quotients in geometric invariant theory (Q742488)

The motivation of the paper comes from the following result by \textit{M. Brion} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 421, 125--140 (1991; Zbl 0729.14015)]. Let a complex reductive group \(G\) act on a smooth projective complex variety \(X\), and let \(T\) be a maximal torus of \(G\) with Weyl group \(W\). Denote by \(X^{\mathrm{ss}}_G\) the \(G\)-semistable locus, and similarly for \(X^{\mathrm{ss}}_T\). Then there is a canonical isomorphism between equivariant cohomologies \[ \phi: H^\bullet_G(X^{\mathrm{ss}}_G; \mathbb{Q}) \to H^\bullet_T(X^{\mathrm{ss}}_T; \mathbb{Q})^a \] where the superscript \(a\) means the \(W\)-antisymmetric part. Assume that \(X^{\mathrm{ss}}_G\) equals the stable locus \(X^{\mathrm{s}}_G\), then \(H^\bullet_G(X^{\mathrm{ss}}_G, \mathbb{Q})\) is isomorphic to the cohomology of the GIT quotient \(X /\!/ G\). Therefore, it makes sense to compare the pairings \(\int_{X/\!/ G} \sigma_1 \cup \sigma_2\) and \(\int_{X/\!/T} \phi(\sigma_1) \cup \phi(\sigma_2)\), for \(\sigma_1, \sigma_2 \in H^\bullet(X/\!/G; \mathbb{Q})\). The analogue in symplectic geometry is settled by [\textit{S. Martin}, ``Symplectic quotients by a nonabelian group and by its maximal torus'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:math/0001002}], for a Hamiltonian action of a connected compact Lie group \(G \supset T\) on a symplectic compact manifold \(X\), whose moment map is proper with \(0\) being a regular value. Symplectic reductions replace GIT quotients here. Martin proved that the two pairings differ by the factor \(|W|\). This result may also be deduced from general nonabelian localization theorems such as \textit{L. C. Jeffrey} and \textit{F. C. Kirwan} [Topology 34, No. 2, 291--327 (1995; Zbl 0833.55009)]. The paper deals with the general algebraic set-up as follows. Let \(k\) be a field and \(G\) be a connected reductive \(k\)-group acting on a projective variety \(X\) equipped with a \(G\)-linearized ample line bundle, such that \(X^{\mathrm{s}}_T = X^{\mathrm{ss}}_T \neq \emptyset\). Chow \(0\)-cycles \(\sigma \in A_0(X/\!/G)_{\mathbb{Q}}\) of nonzero degree replace the equivariant cohomology classes here. Let \(T \subset G\) be a maximal torus with Weyl group \(W\). The author considers the proportionality factor \[ r^{X,\sigma}_{G,T} = \int_{X/\!/T} c_{\mathrm{top}}(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{t}) \cap \tilde{\sigma} \bigg/ \int_{X/\!/G} \sigma \] where \(\tilde{\sigma} \in A_0(G/\!/T)_{\mathbb{Q}}\) stands for a certain lift of \(\sigma\); we refer to the paper for other details. Theorem 0.3 asserts that \(r^{X, \sigma}_{G,T} = r_G\) is actually an invariant of the group \(G\). Furthermore, when the root system of \(G\) decomposes into a product of simple ones of type \(\mathsf{A}\), then \(r_G = |W|\). It is actually possible to show that \(r_G = |W|\) unconditionally, by reducing to Martin's result over \(k = \mathbb{C}\). This is briefly explained in the section 6, which makes use of relative GIT to deform the base field.