Nonlinear maps preserving the minimum and surjectivity moduli (Q744124)

Let \(X\) be a complex Banach space and \(B(X)\) the algebra of all bounded linear operators on \(X\). The \textit{minimum modulus} of an operator \(T\in B(X)\) is defined as \(m(T)\mathrel{:\mkern-0.25mu=}\inf \{\left\| Tx\right\| :x\in X,\left\| x\right\| =1\}\), the \textit{surjectivity modulus} of \(T\) as \(q(T)\mathrel{:\mkern-0.25mu=}\sup \{\varepsilon \geq 0:\varepsilon B_{X}\subseteq T(B_{X})\}\), where \(B_{X}\) is the closed unit ball of \(X\), and the \textit{maximum modulus} of \(T\) as \(M(T)\mathrel{:\mkern-0.25mu=}\max \{m(T),q(t)\}\). Suppose that \(c(.)\) stands for either the minimum modulus \(m(.),\) or the surjectivity modulus \(q(.),\) or the maximum modulus \(M(.)\). Note that \(m(T)=q(T)=M(T)\) for all \(T\in M_{n}(\mathbb{C})\), where \(M_{n}(\mathbb{C})\) is the algebra of all \(n\times n\) complex matrices. The paper has five sections. First, some preliminaries are presented. Next, the authors characterize surjective maps \(\varphi :M_{n}(\mathbb{C})\rightarrow M_{n}(\mathbb{C})\) that satisfy either \[ c(\varphi (S)-\varphi (T))=c(S-T) \tag{en1} \] for all \(S,T\) \(\in M_{n}(\mathbb{C)}\), or \[ c(\varphi (S)+\varphi (T))=c(S+T). \tag{en2} \] for all \(S,T\) \(\in M_{n}(\mathbb{C)}\). Finally, authors turn to the infinite dimensional case and describe maps \(\varphi :B(X)\rightarrow B(Y)\), where \(X\) and \(Y\) are infinite-dimensional complex Banach spaces, satisfying either ({en1}) for all \(S,T\in B(X)\), or ({en2}) for all \(S,T\in B(X)\). The main tool in the proofs are the results established in [\textit{H. Havlicek} and \textit{P. Šemrl}, Stud. Math. 174, No. 1, 99--109 (2006; Zbl 1107.47023)]; see also [\textit{J. Hou} and \textit{L. Huang}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 359, No. 1, 81--87 (2009; Zbl 1181.47036)].