Characterizations and integral formulae for generalized \(m\)-quasi-Einstein metrics (Q744429)

A Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) of dimension \(n\) is said to be a ``generalized \(m\)-quasi-Einstein metric'' if there exist two smooth functions \(f\) and \(\lambda\) on \(M\) satisfying \(\mathrm{Ric}_f := \mathrm{Ric}+\nabla^2f-\frac{1}{m} df \otimes df=\lambda g\); the tensor \(\mathrm{Ric}_f\) is called the ``Bakery-Emery-Ricci tensor''. Here \(m\) is a positive integer or \(\infty\). The quadruple \(\mathfrak{M}:=(M^n,g,\nabla f,\lambda)\) is called trivial if the potential function \(f\) is constant. The main results of the paper are the following: \(\mathbf{\mathrm{Theorem}}\). Let \(\mathfrak{M}:=(M,g,\nabla f,\lambda)\) be a non-trivial generalized \(m\)-quasi-Einstein manifold of dimension at least 3. 1. Suppose that either \((M,g)\) is an Einstein manifold or \(\nabla u\) is a conformal vector field where \(u:=e^{-f/m}\). Then one of the following statements holds: {\parindent=0,8cm \begin{itemize}\item{ 1a.} \((M,g)\) is isometric to a standard sphere \(S^n(r)\); \(f\) is determined. \item{ 1b.} \((M,g)\) is isometric to a Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^n\); \(f\) is determined. \item{ 1c.} \((M,g)\) is isometric to a hyperbolic space \(\mathbb{H}^n\) provided \(u\) has only one critical point; \(f\) is determined. \end{itemize}} 2. Let \(R\) be the scalar curvature and let \(d\mu\) be the Riemannian element of volume. Assume that \(M\) is compact. Then \((M,g,\nabla f,\lambda)\) is trivial if {\parindent=0,8cm \begin{itemize}\item{ 2a.} \(R\geq\lambda n\) or \(R\leq\lambda n\). \item{ 2b.} \(\int_M \mathrm{Ric}(\nabla f,\nabla f)d\mu\leq\frac2m\int M\|\nabla f\|^2\Delta fd\mu -(n-2)\int_M(\nabla\lambda,\nabla f)d\mu\). \end{itemize}} 3. Assume that \(M\) is complete. Then \(\nabla f\equiv0\) if one of the following conditions holds. {\parindent=0.8cm \begin{itemize}\item{ 3a.} \(M\) is non-compact, \(n\lambda\geq R\), and \(\|\nabla f\|\) is in \(L^1\). In particular, \(M\) is Einstein. \item{ 3b.} \((M,g)\) is Einstein and \(\nabla f\) is a conformal vector field. \end{itemize}}