Semi-classical standing waves for nonlinear Schrödinger systems (Q745594)

The author of this interesting paper considers \(m\) coupled Schrödinger equation \[ -i\partial \Psi_j/\partial t = \triangle \Psi_j + \mu_j|\Psi_j|^2\Psi_j + \sum\limits_{l\neq j}\beta_{lj} |\Psi_l|^2\Psi_j, \;\;\;\;y\in \mathbb{R}^N, \;\;t>0, \] \[ \Psi_j = \Psi_j (t,y)\in\mathbb{C}, \;\;\lim\limits_{|y|\to\infty }\Psi_j(y,t) = 0, \;\;j=1,\ldots ,m, \;\;t>0. \] The standing (solitary) wave is the solution which is a product containing two different functions depending on time and space, i.e. \(\Psi_j (t, x) = e^{i\lambda_jt}u_j(x)\) (\(j = 1,\ldots , m\)). Here the real valued functions \(u_j\) (\(j = 1,\ldots , m\)) satisfy the right-hand side of the above stated Schrödinger equation, which is an elliptic PDE. Further, the author considers a singularly perturbed elliptic problem with variable coefficients coming from the right-hand side of the above stated Schrödinger equation for the case \(m = 2\), and \(N \leq 3\), \[ \varepsilon^2 \triangle u_1 - W_1(x)u_1 + \mu_1(u_1)^3 + \beta u_1(u_2)^2 = 0, \;\;u_1\geq 0, \;\;x\in \mathbb{R}^N, \] \[ \varepsilon^2 \triangle u_2 - W_2(x)u_2 + \mu_2(u_2)^3 + \beta u_2(u_1)^2 = 0, \;\;u_2\geq 0, \;\;x\in \mathbb{R}^N, \] where \(W_j>0\) (\(j=1,2\)), \(\mu_1,\mu_2,\beta >0\). Next, transform the independent \(x\to \varepsilon x\) and obtain the unknown \(W_{i}^{\varepsilon }(x)\equiv W_{i}(\varepsilon x)\) (\(i=1,2\)), thus one gets an autonomous limiting problem in \(\mathbb{R}^N\). The author defines the energy functional \(L(y, u_1 , u_2 )\), \((u_1,u_2)\in H^1\times H^1\) concerning the limiting problem. Given the potential functions \(W_1\), \(W_2\in C^2(\mathbb{R}^N)\) such that for some \(a > 1\) and some \(C, c > 0\), \(1/a < W_i(x) < a\), \(|\nabla W_i(x)| + |\nabla^2 W_i(x)| \leq C e^{c|x|}\), \(x \in \mathbb{R}^N\) \((i = 1, 2)\). Under this condition and the requirement on \(x\) to be in a compact set, and \(L\) to tend to some number \(m\), the author proves the existence of a vector solution \(u_{\varepsilon }=(u_1^{\varepsilon },u_2^{\varepsilon })\) of the singularly perturbed elliptic problem. Some nonexistence results for certain potentials \(W_1\), \(W_2\) are discussed as well.