\(t\)-frames and their Noetherian perturbation (Q746794)

In the paper, the concept of \(t\)-frame is introduced. The authors consider the tensor product \(Z=X \otimes Y\) of Hilbert spaces \(X\) and \(Y\) and define the Hilbert-valued inner product \(\left\langle y;\,z\right\rangle_{X},\) \(x\in X,\) \(y\in Y\), \(z\in Z\) as follows \[ \left\langle y;\,z\right\rangle_{X} = \left(y;\,z_2\right)_{Y} z_1, \] where \(\left(\,;\,\,\right)_{Y}\) is an inner product of \(Y\), and \(z=z_1 \otimes z_2\). Then, the \(t\)-frame is defined analogously to the classical case, namely a system \(\vec{y}=\{y_n\}_{n \in \mathbb N}\subset Y\) is called a \(t\)-frame in \(Z\) if there exist constants \(A, \, B>0\) such that \[ A \|z\|^2_Z \leq \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \|\left\langle y_n;\,z\right\rangle\|^2_X \leq B \|z\|^2_Z \] for all \(z\in Z.\) The main concepts of the classical frame theory including the analysis operator \(T\), the synthesis operator \(T^{\ast}\), the frame operator \(S=T T^{\ast}\), the Bessel system are generalized to the case of \(t\)-frames. The characterization of a frame in terms of the analysis operator, the Paley-Wiener perturbation theorem, the characterization of overcompleteness of a frame in terms of the frame operator, and some corollaries of these results are extended to the case of \(t\)-frames. Also, the following two results on the closeness of the set of \(t\)-frames are proved. 1. If \(\vec{y}\) is a \(t\)-frame, than \(T\,\vec{y}\) is also a \(t\)-frame, where \(T\) is a Noetherian operator. 2. If \(\vec{y}^{(1)}\) is a \(t\)-frame, and \(\vec{y}^{(2)}\) is quadratically closed to \(\vec{y}^{(1)}\), then \(\vec{y}^{(2)}\) is a \(t\)-frame.