Twistor geometry of Riemannian 4-manifolds by moving frames (Q748346)

In this paper the authors study the Riemannian geometry of the twistor space associated to an oriented Riemannian \(4\)-manifold. More precisely, let \((M,g)\) be an oriented Riemannian \(4\)-manifold and let \(Z\) be its associated twistor space (this is a real \(6\)-manifold admitting the structure of a smooth \(S^2\)-fibration over \(M\)). The twistor space can be equipped with two canonical almost complex structures: the first is \(J_+\) and is integrable if and only if \((M,g)\) is anti-self-dual by a classical theorem of Atiyah, Hitchin and Singer; the other one is \(J_-\) which is however never integrable. There is a \(1\)-parameter family of Riemannian metrics \(g_t\) on \(Z\) for which both \(J_+\) and \(J_-\) are orthogonal. Using the method of moving frames the authors impose several conditions (e.g., the balanced metric condition, the first Gauduchon metric condition) on the metric \(g_t\) in order to obtain conditions on the original metric \(g\) on \(M\) (Theorems 3.1, 3.5, 3.7). Using a unified language the authors are then able to recover several classical integrability results in twistor theory as well as to prove new ones. Finally, the authors study natural unitary connections on the tangent bundle of the twistor space or its vertical sub-bundle to re-prove results on the first Chern forms of these bundles.