Compositions of contractions (Q749697)

Let \(\{f_ n\}\) be a sequence of analytic functions in a domain D which map D into itself. Then it is of interest to study compositions \[ F_ 1(z)=f_ 1(z),\quad F_ n(z)=F_{n-1}(f_ n(z))\text{ for } n\geq 2. \] That is, \(F_ n=f_ 1\circ f_ 2\circ...\circ f_ n\). In particular we want to know what happens when \(n\to \infty\). Special examples of such compositions are infinite series, infinite products, continued fractions, continued radicals, towers of exponentials, etc. In the present paper we prove that if D is simply connected and all \(f_ n(D)\subseteq \bar E\subseteq D\) for some bounded set E, then \(\{F_ n(z)\}\) converges uniformly to a constant function on D. Some generalizations are also presented. The connection to continued fractions is emphasized. The result can be regarded as a generalization of the well-known situation where all \(f_ n=f\), so that \(F_ n\) are iterations of this function f.