Supernilpotent radicals of \(\Gamma\)-rings (Q752148)

Supernilpotent radicals are defined for \(\Gamma\)-rings, and various results analogous to standard ring-theoretical results are obtained. Let \({\mathcal M}(\Gamma)\) be the class of all \(\Gamma\)-rings. If \({\mathcal M}\) is a weakly special class of rings then \(\bar {\mathcal M}=\{M\in {\mathcal M}(\Gamma):\) \(R\in {\mathcal M}\) and \(M\Gamma x=0\) implies \(x=0\forall x\in M\}\) is a weakly special class of \(\Gamma\)-rings, where R denotes the right operator ring of M. This construction defines a supernilpotent radical uniquely in the variety of \(\Gamma\)-rings, in the sense that if \({\mathcal R}={\mathcal U}{\mathcal M}_ 1={\mathcal U}{\mathcal M}_ 2\) is a supernilpotent special radical for rings, then \({\mathcal U}{\mathcal M}\bar {\;}_ 1={\mathcal U}{\mathcal M}\bar {\;}_ 2\). The radical class derived from \({\mathcal R}\) in this way is denoted \(\rho\) \({\mathcal R}\), and the corresponding radical class obtained by consideration of the left operator ring is denoted \(\rho '{\mathcal R}\). It is shown that if \({\mathcal R}\) is an N-radical in the variety of rings, then for a \(\Gamma\)-ring M with left and right operator rings L and R, respectively \({\mathcal R}(L)^+=\rho '{\mathcal R}(M)=\rho {\mathcal R}(M)={\mathcal R}(R)^*\).