A unified approach to constrained approximate controllability for the heat equations and the retarded equations (Q752606)

For the infinite dimensional linear control system \(\dot x=Ax+Bu\), \(x\in X\), \(u\in U\), where X is a Banach space, A is the infinitesimal generator of a \(C_ 0\) semigroup of linear bounded operators in X and B: \(U\to X\) is bounded, the problem of constrained approximate controllability is considered. Here the control u is restricted by \(u\in \Omega\), where \(\Omega\) is not assumed to be either convex or \(O\in int \Omega\). The main result: (a) If \(\Omega\) is convex and int \(\Omega\neq \emptyset\), then (A,B,\(\Omega\)) is locally controllable iff: (i) the unconstrained system (A,B,U) is controllable and (ii) \(Ker(\lambda I^*-A^*)\cap (B\Omega)^ 0=\{0\}\), \(\forall \lambda \in {\mathbb{R}}\), (b) If int co \(\Omega\neq \emptyset\) then (A,B,\(\Omega\)) is locally approximately controllable if the above conditions (i) and (ii) hold.