Periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems with strong resonance at infinity (Q755974)

In this paper we study the existence and multiplicity of T-periodic solutions for the Hamiltonian system of second order \[ (1)\quad - x''=\nabla_ xV(t,x)+h(t), \] where \(V\in C^ 1({\mathbb{R}}\times {\mathbb{R}}^ k,{\mathbb{R}})\) is a T-periodic \((T>0)\) function in the variable t and \(h\in L^ 2([0,T],{\mathbb{R}}^ k)\) is such that \(\int^{T}_{0}h(t)dt=0\). We assume that (1) is strongly resonant at infinity, i.e. \((V_ 1)\) V(t,x)\(\to 0\), when \(| x| \to \infty\) (uniformly in [0,T]), \((V_ 2)\nabla_ xV(t,x)\to 0\), when \(| x| \to \infty\) (uniformly in [0,T]). Following to Ward (Nonlinear Analysis, 1986), we show that under these conditions the problem (1) has at least one weak T-periodic solution. To prove this, we use a variational method corresponding the T-periodic solutions of (1) with the critical points of a convenient functional I. We see that either the infimum m of I or a min-max value c of I is a critical value of I (and consequently we have proved the existence of a periodic solution of (1)). In addition, we give sufficient (and necessary) conditions for I to attain its infimum m and for c to be a critical value. From this we deduce a multiplicity result of existence of T-periodic solutions of (1).