On the integral invariants of a closed ruled surface (Q756730)

Using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for the dual unit sphere the author shows that the dual integral invariant of a closed ruled surface F in Euclidean space \(E^ 3\), the dual angle of pitch \(\Lambda\), is equal to the total dual geodesic curvature of the spherical image of F and corresponds to the dual spherical surface area A described by the dual spherical image of F by the relation \(\Lambda =2\pi -A\). The results lead to a new geometric interpretation of a spatial generalization of the Holditch Theorem.