Multiphase thermomechanics with interfacial structure. III: Evolving phase boundaries in the presence of bulk deformation (Q757122)

Two previous studies [see the foregoing entries (Zbl 0723.73016; Zbl 0723.73018)] on the multiphase thermodynamics with interfacial structure developed a nonequilibrium thermodynamics of two-phase continua based on Gibbs's notion of sharp phase-interface endowed with energy, entropy, and superficial forces. In these papers the underlying continua is rigid and the underlying physical process in heat conduction. In the present paper the authors lay down the foundation of deformable two-phase continua in which one of the phases is solid, the other either solid or liquid. The presence of accretion, i.e. the creation and deletion of material points as the phase-interface moves relative to the underlying material, and the interplay between accretion and deformation are the chief differences between theories involving pase transition and the classical theories of continuum mechanics. To derive the laws describing the evolution of the considered material the authors introduce two systems of forces: a system of accretive forces acting within the crystal lattice to drive the crystallization process and a system of deformational forces acting in response to the local motion of material points. Most of the considerations are based on the idea of invariance. In addition to the concept of spatial observers measuring the gross velocities of continuum, the authors are introducing the new concept of lattice observers who study crystal lattice and measure the velocity of the accreting crystal surface. In Sect. I: Kinematics, a through discussion of the kinematics of a deforming accreting crystal, and the manner in which the kinematical quantities transform under changes in spatial and lattice observers is given. The underlying mechanics is made in Sect. II: Mechanics. It is shown that the first law of thermodynamics requires the mechanical production, i.e. the outflow of kinetic energy minus the expended power, be balanced by the addition of heat and by changes in the internal energy. From the invariance of mechanical production under changes in the kinetic description of the interface it results that the tangential part of the total accretive stress reduces to a surface tension. The invariance of mechanical production under changes in spatial and lattice observers yields the mechanical balance laws of the theory and leads to additional force and moment balance laws for the accretive system. One of the basic concept of the theory is that of attachment forces, i.e. forces within the lattice associated with the attachment and release of atoms as they are exchanged between phases. The analysis of these forces is made by using bulk control volumes which are in fact infinitesimally thin regions containing bulk material arbitrarily close to interface. Finally the decomposition of power expended on an arbitrary control volume containing the interface is obtained. The purely mechanical theory is developed in Sect. III: Mechanical theory. It is supposed that the surface energy, the accretive and deformational surface stress, and the normal attachment force are depending on the bulk deformation gradient, the normal to the interface, the normal speed of the interface, and a list of subsidiary variables. The second law of the theory is a dissipation inequality for control volumes asserting that the energy increase plus the energy outflow cannot be greater than the power expended, the relevant energies being the energy of the interface and the bulk energy of the two phases. The consequences of the dissipation inequality upon constitutive equations are derived. The theory is enlarged in Sec. IV: Thermodynamics theory, to include thermal influences. The constitutive equations are generalized by allowing for a dependence on the temperature and an additional constitutive equation for the superficial entropy is introduced. The paper is of high mathematical level and is of real interest to research scientists in continuum thermodynamics.