Path differentiation in the Borel setting (Q757625)

To write this paper, the author was inspired by an example of a Baire 2 function f: \(R\to R\) and a perfect set \(P\subset R\) containing 0 such that the congruent extreme E-derivative \(\bar f_ E'\) of f is not Borel, where E is the path system \(\{x+P: x\in R\},\) but the multifunction \(E_ f\) of all E-derived numbers of f [see the author, Real Anal. Exch. 13(1987/88), No.2, 373-389 (1988; Zbl 0657.26004)] has a selection of the Baire class 4. The example is due to M. Laczkovich and was published in the paper of \textit{A. Alikhani-Koopaei} [Real Anal. Exch. 12(1986/87), 216-246 (1987; Zbl 0631.26002)]. If \(R^*\) is the two point compactification of R and F: \(R\to R\), then F is said to be lower (upper) Borel \(\alpha\), \(F\in lB_{\alpha}\) \((F\in uB_{\alpha})\) iff \[ F^-(V)=\{x\in R:\;F(x)\cap V\neq \emptyset \}\quad (F^+(V)=\{x\in R:\;F(x)\subset V\}) \] is an additive Borel \(\alpha\) set for any in \(R^*\) open set V. Using two simple lemmas, the author proved the following three theorems: Theorem 4. Let \(\alpha >0\), let the path system E be a lower Borel \(\alpha\) closed-valued multifunction and f be a Baire \(\beta\) (\(\beta\geq 0)\) function, then there exists an upper Borel \(\alpha +\beta +1\) compact-valued multifunction S: \(R\to R^*\) such that \(S\subset E_ f\). If f has E-derivative (finite or infinite), then it is in the Baire class \(\alpha +\beta +1.\) Theorem 11. Let \(E\in lB_ 0\) and f be continuous, then \(E_ f\in uB_ 1.\) Theorem 12. (a) If the graph \(Gr(E)=\{(x,y):\) \(x\in R\) and \(y\in E(x)\}\) of a path system E is open in \(R^ 2\) and f is continuous, then \(E_ f\in uB_ 1\). (b) If Gr(E) is a \(F_{\sigma}\)-set in \(R^ 2\) and f is Baire 1, then \(E_ f\in uB_ 2\).