Real two-zone solutions of the sine-Gordon equation (Q759918)

Let \(\Gamma (w^ 2=P(z))\) be a hyperelliptic Riemann surface of genus g and P, Q a pair of ramification points on \(\Gamma\). It is known that the data (\(\Gamma\),P,Q) define the complex solution of the sine-Gordon equation \(u_{xy}=\sin u\) (g-zonal solution). The authors prove that the g-zonal solution is real and smooth if and only if 1) \(\Gamma\) is real, 2) P, Q belong to the single oval of \(\Gamma\). For the case \(g=2\), the real smooth two-zonal solution can be expressed through the theta functions.