Averaging and reduction (Q761603)

The paper is devoted to the averaging method, and it is pointed out that this method provides a certain reduction of the differential system. Other reduced systems are considered (generalized averaging), and the connection between the original and the reduced systems is studied. The main theorem concerns a differential system (*) \(\dot x=\epsilon f(x,t)\) and a comparison system (**) \(\dot y=\epsilon \bar f(y,t)\). Assume that (H1) \(f_ x,f_{xx}\) are bounded and continuous on \(\Gamma_ 0\times {\mathbb{R}}\), \(\Gamma_ 0\) an open connected set of \({\mathbb{C}}^ n\); (H2) there exists a function \(\bar f,\) as regular as f, such that \(f(x,t)-\bar f(x,t)=h_ t(x,t)\) has a bounded solution h, with \(h_ x\) bounded too; (H3) for the variational equation of (**): \({\dot \eta}=\epsilon \bar f_ y(y(t),t)\eta\) there exist positive constants k,\(\alpha\) (independent of y and of \(\epsilon)\) and a constant projection P such that the fundamental matrix U(t) satisfies: \(| U(t)PU^{- 1}(s)| <ke^{-\epsilon \alpha (t-s)},\) \(t>s\), \(| U(t)(I-P)U^{- 1}(s)| <ke^{\epsilon \alpha (t-s)},\) \(t<s.\) Then for \(0\leq \epsilon \leq \epsilon_ 1\) \((I_ 1)\) a mapping G exists such that to any solution y(t) of (**) a solution x(t) of (*) corresponds by the relation \(x(t)=y(t)+\epsilon G(y(t),t,\epsilon)\), and \[ \| G\| =\sup_{\Gamma_ 1\times {\mathbb{R}}\times I_ 1}| G(y(t),t,\epsilon)| <C=\| h\| +4(k/\alpha)(1-\epsilon \| h_ x\|)^{-1}(\| f_ x\| \| h\| +\| h_ x\| \| \bar f\|), \] as long as \(y(t)\in \Gamma_ 1\), i.e. \(y(t)+\epsilon G(y(t),t,\epsilon)\in \Gamma_ 0\). Some remarks concern bounded solutions or integral manifolds as well as the relation to classical averaging.