Low degree GW invariants of surfaces. II (Q763656)

Let \(X\) be a smooth minimal surface of general type with \(p_g>0\), and let \(K_X\) be the canonical divisor of \(X\). For a pair \((D,L)\) where \(D\subset X\) is a smooth curve of genus \(h=K^2_X+1\) and \(L\) is its theta characteristic with parity \(\chi(\mathcal{O}_X)\), let \(S\) be the total space of \(L\). \(S\) is called a spin surface. By a result of Lee and Parker the Gromov-Witten invariants of \(X\) in class \(\beta\) vanish, unless \(\beta=d K_X\) for some \(d\geq 0\), and moreover in this case the GW invariants of \(X\) in class \(\beta\) are identified with the corresponding local GW invariants of \(S\) in the class \(d\) times the zero section. The main result of the paper under review proves the deformation invariance of the localized GW invariants of the surfaces and as a result obtains a degeneration formula for the invariants of the spin surfaces. This work is the continuation of the project of the authors of the paper under review on the localized GW theory of surfaces and gives an algebra-geometric analog of Lee-Paker's work on the GW theory of Kähler surfaces with \(p_g >0\). Applying the degeneration formula, they prove the following explicit formulas for the localized GW invariants of \(S\) with the descendants of points when \(d=1\) and 2, respectively: \[ \left\langle \prod_{i=1}^n\tau_{\alpha_i}(pt)\right \rangle_{d=1}=(-1)^{h^0(L)}\prod_{i=1}^n\frac{\alpha_i!}{(2\alpha_i+1)!}(-2)^{-\alpha_i}, \] \[ \left\langle \prod_{i=1}^n\tau_{\alpha_i}(pt)\right \rangle_{d=2}=(-1)^{h^0(L)}2^{h+n-1}\prod_{i=1}^n\frac{\alpha_i!}{(2\alpha_i+1)!}(-2)^{-\alpha_i}. \] For part I, cf. [the authors, Pure Appl. Math. Q. 7, No. 4, 1449--1475 (2011; Zbl 1328.14086)].