Gromov hyperbolicity of Denjoy domains with hyperbolic and quasihyperbolic metrics (Q763986)

\textit{M. Gromov} [in: Essays in group theory, Publ., Math. Sci. Res. Inst. 8, 75--263 (1987; Zbl 0634.20015)] introduced a notion of abstract hyperbolic spaces in the 1980s. Since then there have been many developments. One of the primary questions is whether a metric space is hyperbolic in the sense of Gromov or not. \textit{M. Bonk, J. Heinonen} and \textit{P. Koskela} [Uniformizing Gromov hyperbolic spaces. Astérisque. 270. Paris: Société Mathématique de France (2001; Zbl 0970.30010)] have showen that a Denjoy domain is Gromov hyperbolic with respect to the quasihyperbolic metric if and only if the domain is the conformal image of an inner uniform domain. However, it is not easy to check that a domain is innner uniform. In the paper under review the authors show explicit and simple conditions for a Denjoy domain to be Gromov hyperbolic or not. Their main results are the following: Theorem 1.1. Let \(\Omega\) be a Denjoy domain with \[ \Omega \cap {\mathbb{R}} =(-\infty, 0) \cup \bigcup_{n=1}^{\infty}(a_{n}, b_{n}),\quad b_{n} \leq a_{n+1}\quad\text{for every}\quad n, \] and \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}a_{n} =\infty. \] Let \(k_{\Omega}\) and \(h_{\Omega}\) denote the quasihyperbolic metric and the Poincaré metric in \(\Omega\), respectively. (1) The metrics \(k_{\Omega}\) and \(h_{\Omega}\) are Gromov hyperbolic if \(\lim \inf_{n\rightarrow \infty}(b_{n}-a_{n})/a_{n} >0\). (2) The metrics \(k_{\Omega}\) and \(h_{\Omega}\) are not Gromov hyperbolic if \(\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty}(b_{n} -a_{n})/a_{n} = 0\). Theorem 1.2. Let \(\Omega\) be a Denjoy domain with \((-\infty,0) \subset \Omega\) and let \(F \subseteq (-\infty,0]\) be closed. If \(k_{\Omega}\) is not Gromov hyperbolic, then also \(k_{\Omega \setminus F}\) is not Gromov hyperbolic; if \(h_{\Omega}\) is not Gromov hyperbolic, then also \(h_{\Omega \setminus F}\) is not Gromov hyperbolic.