Transversal intersections of invariant manifolds of NMS flows on \(S^{3}\) (Q765038)

The description of nonsingular Morse-Smale (NMS) flows on \(S^3\) was started by the authors in [J. Dyn. Differ. Equations 24, No. 2, 181--196 (2012; Zbl 1268.37024)], where they describe the flows coming from iterated connected sum of tori, and they also obtain that these flows do not contain heteroclinic trajectories connecting saddle orbits. Nevertheless, NMS flows on \(S^{3}\) admit heteroclinic trajectories [\textit{L. P. Shilnikov} et al., Methods of qualitative theory in nonlinear dynamics. II. Singapore: World Scientific (2001; Zbl 1046.34003)]. The aim of the paper under review is to complete the description of NMS flows on \(S^{3}\), the authors complete the study of NMS flows with the flows that contain heteroclinic orbits. Heteroclinic trajectories appear because of the existence of transversal intersections of invariant manifolds of saddle orbits. The authors state sufficient conditions that give rise to these transversal intersections and the number of such trajectories is obtained. Furthermore, they give a complete description of the phase space for the NMS flows on \(S^{3}\) coming from connected sum of tori. They also describe the flows with heteroclinic trajectories from the corresponding filtrations, and draw the phase portrait for each case in order to obtain a complete description of the flow and to visualize how the invariant manifolds of the saddles intersect.