A constructive version of the Boyle-Handelman theorem on the spectra of nonnegative matrices (Q765179)

The author gives a constructive approach to the Boyle-Handelman theorem [\textit{M. Boyle} and \textit{D. Handelman}, Ann. Math. (2) 133, No. 2, 249--316 (1991; Zbl 0735.15005)] on the non-zero spectra of nonnegative matrices. Let \(\sigma = (\lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}, \dots, \lambda_{n})\) be a list of complex numbers and let \(s_{k}:=\lambda_{1}^{k}+\lambda_{2}^{k}+\dots+\lambda_{n}^{k}\), \(k=1,2,3,\dots\). It is shown that a certain kind of patterned matrix is ``universal'' for the realization of spectra with power sums \(s_{k}>0\) \((k=1,2,3,\dots)\) in the sense that all such spectra satisfying a Perron condition that is: \(\sigma\) has a Perron element \(\lambda_{1}>|\lambda_{j}|\) (all \(j>1\)), with sufficiently many zeros added, and can be realized as the spectrum of a primitive nonnegative matrix with that pattern. Then, the author gives an illustrative example involving the realization of a spectrum with three nonzero elements.