Approximation properties of certain operator-induced norms on Hilbert spaces (Q765689)

Let \(L^2\) be the space of square-integrable functions on a compact set in \(\mathbb{R}^d\) with regard to a probabilistic measure, and let \(\|\cdot\|_{L^2}\) be the corresponding norm. If \(\mathcal{H}\) is a Hilbert space, \(\mathcal{H}\subset L^2\) and \(\Phi\) is a vector \(\Phi=(\Phi_1,\dotsc,\Phi_n)\) of continuous linear functionals \(\Phi_i:\mathcal{H}\to\mathbb{R}\), then one can define a norm on \(\mathcal{H}\) by \(\| f\|_{\mathcal{H}}=\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^n(\Phi_i(f))^2}\), \(f\in\mathcal{H}\). This norm, a substitute of the norm \(\|\cdot\|_{L^2}\), is very useful for practical reasons. The authors are interested in the problem of determining the order of deviation between the two norms. More exactly, the authors consider the space \(\mathcal{H}=\{f\in L^2\mid f=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\sqrt{\sigma_k}\alpha_k\Psi_k, \text{ for some }(\alpha_k)_{k=1}^{\infty}\in l_2\}\), where \((\Psi_k)_{k=1}^{\infty}\) is an orthogonal sequence in \(L^2\) and \(\sigma_1\geq\sigma_2\geq\dotsb>0\) is a sequence which decreases to zero. The inner product is given by \(\langle f,g\rangle_{\mathcal{H}}=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\alpha_k\beta_k\), if \(f=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\sqrt{\sigma_k}\alpha_k\Psi_k\) and \(g=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\sqrt{\sigma_k}\beta_k\Psi_k\). The main result gives an upper bound for the quantity \(R_{\Phi}(\varepsilon)=\sup\{\| f\|_{L^2}^2\,|\,f\in\mathcal{H},\;\| f\|_{\mathcal{H}}^2\leq\varepsilon^2\}\). Then, several applications are discussed, namely, reproducing kernel Hilbert space, random domain sampling, Sobolov kernel and Fourier truncation.