The Minkowski ?\((x)\) function and Salem's problem (Q765739)

Recall the Minkowski question mark function \[ ?:[0,1] \to [0,1]; \quad x \mapsto ?\big([0;a_1,a_2,\ldots] \big):= 2 \sum_{i=1}^\infty (-1)^{i+1} 2^{-\sum_{j=1}^i a_j}, \] where \(x=[0;a_1,a_2,\dots]\) with \(a_i \in \mathbb{N}\) denotes the regular continued fraction expansion of \(x\). The Laplace-Stieltjes transform of \(?(x)\) is given by \[ m(t) = \int_0^1 e^{xt} \, d?(x) \] with \(d_n\) the values \(d_n := m(2 \pi in)\), \(n \in \mathbb{N}\). The authors prove the following two results: \textbf{Theorem 1} (Integral functional equation). The function \(m(it)\) satisfies the following identity: \[ \frac{im(is)}{2e^{2is} - e^{is}} = \int_0^\infty m^\prime(it) \, J_0(2\sqrt{st} ) \, dt \] for all \(s >0\). The integral is conditional convergent. \textbf{Theorem 2} (Discrete functional equation). For any \(m \in \mathbb{N}\) we have the following identity: \[ d_m = \int_0^1 \cos\left( \frac{2\pi m}{x} \right)\, dx + 2 \sum_{n=1}^\infty d_n \cdot \int_0^1 \cos( 2\pi nx) \, \cos\left(\frac{2 \pi m}{x} \right) \,dx. \] The sum is majorized by the series \(Cm\,\sum_{n=1}^\infty |d_n| \, n^{-\frac{3}{4}}\) with an absolute constant \(C\).