Weyl and Zariski chambers on projective surfaces (Q776168)

In this interesting paper under review, the authors compare and study linkages between the Bauer-Küronya-Szemberg and the Weyl chamber decompositions for smooth projective surfaces. More precisely, the Bauer-Küronya-Szemberg decomposition for the big cone \(\mathrm{Big}(X)\) of a smooth complex projective surface \(X\) provides a partition into Zariski chambers as the set of big divisors for which the negative part of the Zariski decomposition is constant. Furthermore, one can show that the Zariski chambers are rational locally polyhedral subcones and the big cone admits a locally finite decomposition into Zariski chambers. In order to formulate the main results of the paper, let us present the following description of Zariski chambers via the intersection matrices. We define \[\mathcal{I}(X) = \{ C \subset X \, : \, C \text{ is an irreducible and reduced curve with } \, C^{2} < 0 \},\] \[\mathcal{Z}(X) = \{ S \subset \mathcal{I}(X) \, : \, S \text{ is finite and the intersection matrix of } S \text{ is negative definite} \}.\] Now to every \(S \in \mathcal{Z}(X)\) we associate a set of big divisors as \[Z_{s} = \{ D \in\mathrm{Big}(X) \, : \mathrm{Neg}(D) = S\},\] where \(\mathrm{Neg}(D)\) denotes the (reduced) support of the negative part of the Zariski decomposition of \(D\). One can easy show that \(Z_{S}\)'s are exactly the Zariski chambers. Denote by \(N^{1}(X)_{\mathbb{R}}\) the Néron-Severi space of \(X\), each curve \(C \in \mathcal{I}(X)\) defines a hyperplane in \(N^{1}(X)_{\mathbb{R}}\) as follows: \[C^{\perp} = \{D \in N^{1}(X)_{\mathbb{R}} \, : \, D.C = 0\}.\] Now consider the connected components of \(\mathrm{Big}(X) \setminus \bigcup_{C \in \mathcal{I}(X)}C^{\perp}\) which are called the simple Weyl chambers. Observe that by definition simple Weyl chambers are open, but Zariski chambers are in general neither open nor closed. For a subset \(S \in \mathcal{Z}(S) \cup \{\emptyset\}\) we define the set \(W_{S}\) as \[W_{S} = \{ D \in\mathrm{Big}(X) \, : \, D.C < 0 \text{ for all } C \in S \text{ and } D.C > 0 \text{ for all } C \in \mathcal{I}(X) \setminus S\}.\] One can show that \(W_{S}\)'s are precisely the Weyl chambers of \(X\). Now we are ready to present the main results of the paper. Theorem A. Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective surface and let \(S \in \mathcal{Z}(X)\). Then \(W_{S} \subseteq Z_{s}\) if and only if the following condition holds: if \(C'\) is a curve such that \(C' \in \mathcal{I}(X) \setminus S\) and \(S \cup C' \in \mathcal{Z}(X)\), then \(C'.C = 0\) for all \(C \in S\). Theorem B. Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective surface and let \(S \in \mathcal{Z}(X)\). Denote by \(Z_{S}^{\circ}\) the interior of the Zariski chamber \(Z_{S}\), then \(Z_{S}^{\circ} \subset W_{S}\) if and only if \(C.C' = 0\) for all curves \(C,C' \in S\). Theorem C. Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective surface and let \(S, S_{1} \in \mathcal{Z}(X)\). Then \(W_{S_{1}}\cap Z_{S} \neq \emptyset\) if and only if \(S_{1} \subseteq S\) and any subset \(S' \subseteq S \setminus S_{1}\) satisfies the following property: there exist \(C' \in S'\) and \(C \in S \setminus S'\) such that \(C'.C >0\).