Singular vectors on fractals and projections of self-similar measures (Q776885)

One can begin with author's abstract: ``Singular vectors are those for which the quality of rational approximations provided by Dirichlet's theorem can be improved by arbitrarily small multiplicative constants. We provide an upper bound on the Hausdorff dimension of singular vectors lying on self-similar fractals in \(\mathbb R^d\) satisfying the open set condition. The bound is in terms of quantities which are closely tied to Frostman exponents of projections of the Hausdorff measure supported on the fractal. Our bound is optimal in the sense that it agrees with the exact dimension of singular vectors obtained by \textit{Y. Cheung} and \textit{N. Chevallier} [Duke Math. J. 165, No. 12, 2273--2329 (2016; Zbl 1358.11078)] when the fractal is trivial (i.e. has non-empty interior). As a corollary, we show that if the fractal is the product of 2 copies of Cantor's middle thirds set or the attractor of a planar homogeneous irrational IFS, then the upper bound is \(2/3\) the dimension of the fractal. This addresses the upper bound partof a question raised by Bugeaud, Cheung and Chevallier [\textit{Y. Bugeaud} et al., Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 167, No. 2, 249--284 (2019; Zbl 1450.11081)]. We apply our method in the setting of translation flows on flat surfaces to show that the dimension of nonuniquely ergodic directions belonging to a fractal is at most \(1/2\) the dimension of the fractal.'' The author presents that studying the dimension of singular vectors on fractals is the main purpose of this paper. The notion of singular vectors is described and a brief survey is devoted to some properties of the set of singular vectors in \(\mathbb R^d\). In addition, the present paper contains brief surveys on the following topics: -- ergodic properties of billiard flows and interval exchange transformations; -- irreducible self-similar measures satisfying the open set condition; -- height functions; -- some properties of badly approximable vectors, etc.; The following notions are recalled: the Hausdorff dimension and iterated function systems, the open set condition and self-similar measures, the contraction hypothesis, and also elementary facts on projections. A natural problem arising from the present investigations is noted. Techniques used in proofs and relations between known and presented results are explained in detail.