Upper and lower densities of Gabor Gaussian systems (Q778016)

The main object under consideration in the paper is the Gaussian Gabor system of functions in \(L^2(\mathbb{R})\) \[ \rho_{t,\omega}\,\varphi(x)=e^{2i\pi \omega x}\varphi(x-t), \qquad \varphi(y)=2^{1/4}\,e^{-\pi y^2}, \] denoted by \(G_\Lambda=\{\rho_{t,\omega}\,\varphi: (t,\omega)\in\Lambda\}\), where \(\Lambda\) is a certain subset of \(\mathbb{R}^2\). The authors study the properties of the upper and lower densities of \(\Lambda\), \[ D_+(\Lambda)=\limsup_{r\to\infty}\frac{\operatorname{card}(\Lambda\cap B(0,r))}{\pi r^2}, \ \ D_-(\Lambda)=\liminf_{r\to\infty}\frac{\operatorname{card}(\Lambda\cap B(0,r))}{\pi r^2}, \] where, as usual, \(B(z,r)\) is the open disk centered at \(z\) of radius \(r\), provided that \(G_\Lambda\) is complete and minimal. They show first, that if \(G_\Lambda\) is a complete system, then \(3\pi D_+(\Lambda)\ge1\), and give an example of a complete and minimal system \(G_\Lambda\) with \(\pi D_+(\Lambda)=1\). As for the lower density, the authors show that if \(G_\Lambda\) is a minimal system in \(L^2(\mathbb{R})\), and \(D_+(\Lambda)>1\), then \[ D_-(\Lambda)\le D_+(\Lambda)\,\log\frac{e}{D_+(\Lambda)}. \] On the other hand, given a number \(\beta\in[0,1)\), the authors construct a set \(\Lambda\) so that \(D_+(\Lambda)>1\), \(G_\Lambda\) is the complete, minimal system in \(L^2(\mathbb{R})\), and the equality prevails, with \(D_-(\Lambda)=\beta\).