Quasi-intersection problems and fixed point theorems concerning separately scalar weakly l.s.c and U.S.c mappings (Q778146)

The authors consider Hausdorff locally convex topological vector spaces \(X\), \(Y\), \(Z\) over the real, nonempty subsets \(D\subset X\) and \(K\subset Z\), and multivalued mappings \(P:D\times K\rightarrow 2^{D}\), \(Q:D\times K\rightarrow 2^{K}\), \(G,H:D\times K\rightarrow 2^{Y}\). The purpose of the paper is to solve the quasi-intersection problem: Find \((\overline{x},\overline{y})\in D\times K\) such that \(\overline{x}\in P(\overline{x},\overline{y})\), \(\overline{y}\in Q(\overline{x},\overline{y})\), and \(G(\overline{x},\overline{y})\cap H(\overline{x},\overline{y})\neq \varnothing \). This quasi-intersection problem is a generalization of variational inequalities and optimization problems, complementarity problems, Nash equilibrium, minimax problems, etc. The authors define the notions of weakly lower or upper semi-continuous mapping from \(D\) to \(2^{Y}\), of separately lower or upper semi-continuous mapping from \(D\times K\) to \(2^{Y}\), and of Hausdorff lower or upper semi-continuous mapping from \(D\) to \(2^{Y}\). They prove properties of such mappings. The main result of the paper proves that, if \(D,K \) are nonempty convex compact sets, \(P:D\times K\rightarrow 2^{D}\) is a separately lower semi-continuous multivalued mapping with nonempty convex values, \(Q:D\times K\rightarrow 2^{K}\) is a separately lower semi-continuous multivalued mapping with nonempty convex values such that the set \(B=\{(x,y)\in D\times K\mid x\in P(x,y)\), \(y\in Q(x,y)\}\) is closed, \(G:D\times K\rightarrow 2^{X\times Z}\) is a separately scalar weakly lower semi continuous multivalued mapping with nonempty values, \(H:D\times K\rightarrow 2^{X\times Z}\) is a separately scalar weakly upper semi-conitnuous multivalued mapping with nonempty closed convex values and, for any \((x,y)\in B\), \(\varnothing =coG(x,y)-H(x,y)\cap TP(x,y)\times Q(x,y)(x,y)\subset TP(x,y)\times Q(x,y)(x,y)\), there exists \((\overline{x}, \overline{y})\in D\times K\) which solves the quasi-intersection problem but with \(coG(\overline{x},\overline{y})\cap H(\overline{x},\overline{y})\neq \varnothing \), where \((coG)(x)=coG(x)\), the convex hull of \(G(x)\). For the proof, the authors use fixed point theorems already proposed by the second author in [Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. 39, No. 2, 233--255 (2018; Zbl 1390.49009)], Hahn-Banach theorem and the hypotheses imposed on the mappings. In the last parts of their paper, the authors prove different specializations of their result, among which some which extend and unify the [\textit{K. Fan}, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 38, 121--126 (1952; Zbl 0047.35103)] and the Browder-Ky Fan theorems exposed by \textit{N. X. Tan} and \textit{N. Q. Hoa} [Adv. Nonlinear Var. Inequal. 19, No. 2, 52--63 (2016; Zbl 1358.49004)] and they end with the presentation of some applications, in the previously indicated domains.