On the crystal graph description of the stable Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series (Q784280)

Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series are functions of several complex variables attached to a root system \(\Phi\) and a positive integer \(n\). They are given by a multiple Dirichlet series whose coefficients involve sums of products of \(n\)-th order Gauss sums. Such a series converges absolutely in a certain cone, has meromorphic continuation to a product of complex planes, and has a group of functional equations isomorphic to the Weyl group of \(\Phi\). Moreover, all the coefficients of such a series may be constructed from the prime power coefficients. \par The question of describing these prime power coefficients is subtle, and in fact they may be obtained in several different ways. For \(n\) sufficiently large, \textit{B. Brubaker} et al. [Invent. Math. 165, No. 2, 325--355 (2006; Zbl 1138.11017)] gave a Lie-theoretic description, while for certain Cartan types there is another description using the combinatorics of Berenstein-Zelevinsky-Litttelman (BZL) patterns that appear in describing the highest weight representations, and which are closely related to crystal graphs. The combinatorial models are available in types A [\textit{B. Brubaker} et al., Ann. Math. (2) 173, No. 2, 1081--1120 (2011; Zbl 1302.11032); Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series. Type A combinatorial theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (2011; Zbl 1288.11052)] and C [\textit{S. Friedberg} and \textit{L. Zhang}, Am. J. Math. 137, No. 4, 953--1011 (2015; Zbl 1339.11057); \textit{J. Beineke} et al., Prog. Math. 300, 37--63 (2012; Zbl 1278.11058)] and conjecturally in type D [\textit{G. Chinta} and \textit{P. E. Gunnells}, Prog. Math. 300, 119--130 (2012; Zbl 1311.11042)]. (There are other descriptions as well, all of which are expected to be equivalent; see the paper under review for a clear account.) \par This paper concerns the relation between the Lie theoretic and crystal graph descriptions of these coefficients. For a semisimple Lie algebra admitting a good enumeration, the author establishes a canonical parametrization of the elements of the Weyl group. He also defines stable and unstable BZL patterns, proves various properties, and gives a natural bijection between the Weyl group and the set of stable BZL patterns. These stable patterns are the only ones that contribute for \(n\) sufficiently large. In this case, the author uses this bijection to give a coordinate-free comparison between the crystal graph description (when it is known) and the Lie-theoretic description of these coefficients. This answers a question posed by \textit{J. Beineke} et al. [Pac. J. Math. 254, No. 1, 11--46 (2011; Zbl 1277.11049)]. Moreover, for any root system, the author's result suggests the value of the contributions of the stable patterns to the crystal graph description.