On the structure of exceptional evolution polynomials (Q789617)

A polynomial \(P(u,u_ 1,...,u_ M)\), \(P_{u_ M}\neq 0\), \(M>1\) where \(u=u(x,t)\), \(u_ j\equiv D^ j\!_ xu\), will be called exceptional if its associated evolution equation \(u_ t=P\) admits a polynomial infinitesimal symmetry \(\not\in lin\{u_ x,P\}\) and polynomial conserved densities \(\rho(u,...,u_ N)\), \(\rho_{u_ Nu_ N}\neq 0\), for infinitely many values of N. A general analysis of the algebraic conditions required on P in order to be exceptional was lacking. As a matter of fact only a few conditions were known, namely \(M=odd\), \(P_{u_ M}=cons\tan t\), \(P_{u_{M-1}}=0\). In this paper a set of obstructions is derived for the exceptionality of P, for arbitrary odd \(M>1\). Fortunately, for small vaues of M a few of the simplest obstructions turn out to be powerful enough to isolate such exceptional P's. a later publication by the authors [J. Math. Phys. 24, 504-509 (1983; Zbl 0515.35059)] contains full details for the cases \(M=3,5\).