Solution of an extremal problem of operator theory (Q789693)

Let C be the space of 2\(\pi\)-periodic functions f endowed with the usual norm, let \(f^{(k)}\) be the derivative of order k of f and let \(T_ n\) be the set of all trigonometric polynomials of order \(\leq n\). By \(\Omega_ n\!^{(k)}\) is denoted the class of all linear operators \(U_ n\) from C into C having the property \(U_ n(f,x)=f^{(k)}(x)\) if \(f\in T_ n\). We say that the operator \(\bar U_ n\in \Omega_ n\!^{(k)}\) is extremal in the class \(\Omega_ n\!^{(k)}\) if \(\| \bar U_ n\| =\inf_{U_ n\in \Omega_ n\!^{(k)}}\| U_ n\|.\) In the paper there is solved the problem consisting in finding the extremal generators \(\bar U_ n\) and in calculating their norms. It is proved that the operator \[ U_ n(f,x)=\sum^{2n}_{i=1}f(x+\theta_ i)\cdot(-1)^{i-1}p_ i \] where \(\{p_ i\}^{2n}\!\!_{i=1}\) are real numbers \((\theta_ i=\frac{2i-1}{2n}\pi\) for odd i and \(\theta_ i=\frac{(i-1)\pi}{n}\) for every i), is extremal in the class \(\Omega_ n\!^{(k)}\) if and only if the numbers \(p_ i\) different from zero have the same sign. With the help of more complicated operators this problem has been solved earlier by the author [Math. Sb., Nov. Ser. 60 (102), 354-365 (1963; Zbl 0156.290)].