The flow of a second grade fluid (Q789941)

The plane steady flows of a second order fluid are considered. The constitutive equation is the following: \(T=-pI+\mu A_ 1+\alpha_ 1A_ 2+\alpha_ 2A^ 2\!_ 1\). In the present paper Martin's approach [\textit{M. H. Martin}, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 41, 266-286 (1971; Zbl 0222.76023)] is generalized to study plane flows of a second order fluid. In section 2 the general equations of an incompressible second order fluid to plane steady flows are specialized in a suitable form. In section 3, some results from differential geometry are employed to recast these equations in (\(\phi\),\(\psi)\)-coordinates. Several forms of eqs. originally proposed by Martin for viscous fluids are developed and generalized. In the next three sections illustrations of the method are given by considering the coordinate lines \(\phi =cons\tan t\) to be orthogonal trajectories of the streamlines.