The sequence of codimensions of PI-algebras (Q790218)

Let \(V_ n\) be the space of the multilinear elements of the free associative algebra over a field of zero characteristic and I(R) be the T-ideal of the polynomial identities of an algebra R. Then \(V_ n/(I(R)\cap V_ n)\) is a left module of the symmetric group. The character \(\chi_ n\) and the dimension \(c_ n\) of this module are called n-th cocharacter and n-th codimension of R. Let \(\chi_ n=\sum a_ D\chi_ D,\) D being Young diagrams. Better bounds for dim \(\chi {}_ D\) are given in this paper. These bounds are applied to obtain refined, better than known, quantitative results on the codimensions. In particular: (i) All diagrams from \(\chi_ n\) lie in a hook of special shape; (ii) \(\overline{\lim} c_ n^{1/n}\leq 2(\underline{\lim} c_ n^{1/n})^ 2\) (the problem for the existence of \(\lim c_ n^{1/n}\) is still open); (iii) If d is the minimal degree of the polynomial identities for R, then \(S_ h[x_ 1,...,x_ h]^ k=0\) for R with \(h=(d-1)^ 2+1,\quad k\sim h^ 2\log h.\) (iv) For many quantitative results h can be replaced by \(c=\underline{\lim} c_ n^{1/n}.\)