Generic properties of the eigenvalue of the Laplacian for compact Riemannian manifolds (Q790504)

Let M be an arbitrary fixed connected compact \(C^{\infty}\) manifold of dimension n without boundary and \({\mathcal M}\) the set of all \(C^{\infty}\) Riemannian metrics on M. Let \(\Delta_ g\) be the Laplacian of (M,g) acting on the space \(C^{\infty}(M)\) and \(\lambda_ k(g) (k=0,1,2,...)\) the k-th eigenvalue of \(\Delta_ g\). In this paper the authors consider the following problem: ''Does each eigenvalue \(\lambda_ k(g)\) depend continuously on g in \({\mathfrak M}\) with respect to the \(C^{\infty}\) topology?'' In order to study this problem the authors introduce a complete distance \(\rho\) on \({\mathcal M}\) which gives the \(C^{\infty}\) topology. Then they are able to prove the following Theorem: For each positive number \(\delta\) and each \(g,g'\in {\mathcal M}\), \(\rho(g,g')<\delta\) implies that \(\exp(-(n+1)\delta)\leq \lambda_ k(g)/\lambda_ k(g')\leq \exp((n+1)\delta)\) for each \(k=1,2,...\). Thus they have the following corollary: The multiplicity \(m_ k(g)\) of each eigenvalue \(\lambda_ k(g)\) depends upper semi-continuously on \(g\in {\mathcal M}:\) For each \(g\in {\mathcal M}\) and \(k=0,1,2,...\), there exists a positive number \(\delta\) such that \(\rho(g,g')<\delta\) implies \(m_ k(g')\leq m_ k(g)\). Moreover the authors give one application of these results.