The recurrent Hill's equation (Q791012)

Let \(C({\mathbb{R}},{\mathbb{R}})\) be the space of continuous functions on \({\mathbb{R}}\) with the compact-open topology. For each \(\tau\in {\mathbb{R}}\), the translate \(q_{\tau}: {\mathbb{R}}\to {\mathbb{R}}\) of a function q(t) belongs to \(C({\mathbb{R}},{\mathbb{R}})\) where \(q_{\tau}(t)=q(t+\tau)\) for \(t\in {\mathbb{R}}\). The hull of q, that is, the set \(\Omega =cls\{q_{\tau}: \tau\in {\mathbb{R}}\}\) is compact metric. Translation correspondence \((\omega,\tau)\to \omega_{\tau}\), \(\tau\in {\mathbb{R}}\), \(\omega\in \Omega\) defines a flow (\(\Omega\),R) on \(\Omega\) which is minimal. The function q is said to be recurrent if (\(\Omega\),R) is minimal. q is Bohr almost periodic if and only if (\(\Omega\),R) is a.p. minimal. Consider the Hill's equation (1) \(u''+(\lambda +q(t))u=0\), \(\lambda\in {\mathbb{C}}\) where q(t) is an almost periodic function or more generally a recurrent function. For the case where q is periodic an extensive amount of results are available in the literature concerning the spectrum of (1), the growth and oscillation of its solutions, the existence and properties of periodic and almost periodic solutions and several other properties of solutions. In the case where q is recurrent equation (1) is of limit-point type thus the theory of such equations becomes readily useful. The author in this paper extends some properties of the Hill's equation when q is periodic to the case when q is recurrent and also embellishes the general limit- point theory in this case.