Calculus with the quantifier of elementary equivalence (Q791519)

The author introduces a variant \(Q^{\equiv}\) of the Härtig equicardinality quantifier by stipulating that \({\mathfrak M}\vDash Q^{\equiv}x(\phi(x),\psi(x))\) iff \(<{\mathfrak M}\upharpoonright \tau,\phi^{{\mathfrak M}}>\equiv<{\mathfrak M}\upharpoonright \tau,\psi^{{\mathfrak M}}>,\) where \(\phi\) and \(\psi\) are formulas of type (signature, vocabulary) \(\tau\), and \(\phi^{{\mathfrak M}}=\{x\in {\mathfrak M}| {\mathfrak M}\vDash \phi(x)\}.\) It is easily verified that \(L(Q^{\equiv})\leq L_{HYP}\quad(=\Delta L(Q_ 0)),\) and that the structure \(<\omega,<>\) is characterized up to isomorphism by a sentence of \(L(Q^{\equiv})\). It follows that \(L(Q^{\equiv})\) is not axiomatizable and not countably compact, does not have the Beth definability property, and obeys the downward Löwenheim-Skolem-Tarski theorem; further, \(\Delta(L(Q^{\equiv}))=L_{HYP},\) whence the Hanf number of \(L(Q^{\equiv})\) equals that of \(L_{HYP}\). The author proves the undecidability in \(L(Q^{\equiv})\) of the following theories: Abelian groups, algebraically closed fields of arbitrary fixed characteristic, Boolean algebras, totally ordered sets. In the translation of the article under review replace the word ''impoverishment'' by ''reduct'', ''Beta property'' by ''Beth property'', ''suites'' by ''sequences''; also replace ''Hartig'' by ''Härtig'', and ''Lindstrom'' by ''Lindström''.