A uniqueness theorem for deformations of Fuchsian groups (Q791715)

Let G be a finitely generated Fuchsian group. Möb denotes the group of all Möbius transformations. Assume G acts on U, the upper half plane. If q is a parabolic fixed point whose stabilizer in G is generated by A, then there exists a \(B\in Moeb\) such that \(B(\infty)=q\) and \(B^{- 1}{\mathbb{O}}A{\mathbb{O}}B(z)=z+1.\) A deformation of G is a pair \((\psi,f)\) where \((i)\quad \psi \in Hom(G,Moeb),\) (ii) f is meromorphic on U, locally univalent except for a finite set in any fundamental region of G, and \((iii)\quad f{\mathbb{O}}A=\psi(A){\mathbb{O}}f,\) for all \(A\in G.\) The author continues: ''A deformation \((\psi,f)\) of G is said to be of type \(D=\sum^{s}_{i=1}(m_ i-1)z_ i\) if f is an \(m_ i\to 1\) map at \(z_ i (i=1,...,s)\) and is a local homeomorphism at other points of the fundamental domain. We call \((\psi,f)\) a type zero deformation if f is a local homeomorphism in U.'' ''Let A be a parabolic element of G with fixed point q. We say that the deformation \((\psi,f)\) has the limit \(\alpha\) at q if \(\lim_{z\to i\infty}S(f{\mathbb{O}}B)=2\pi^ 2\alpha^ 2,\) where B is the transformation defined above.'' ''We now state a result which shows how special deformations arise. Suppose \(z_ 1,...,z_ t\) are t points in a fundamental domain of G and that \(z_ i\) is an elliptic fixed point of order \(\ell_ i\). If \(z_ i\) is not a fixed point we shall refer to it as a fixed point of order \(\ell_ i=1\). Let \(U_ 0=U-\cup^{t}_{i=1}Gz_ i\). Also let \(T:U\to U_ 0\) be the holomorphic universal covering map, and F be the group of conformal self- mappings k of U such that there is a \(g\in G\) with \((1)\quad g{\mathbb{O}}T=T{\mathbb{O}}k.\) Equation (1) determines a homomorphism j:\(F\to G\) such that \(j(k)=g\) and we have a deformation (j,T) of F. Note that \(U/F\cong U_ 0/G,\) so that punctures of \(U/F\) arise from two different sources, (i) the punctures in \(U_ 0\) and (ii) the parabolic elements in G.'' Here are the main results of the paper: ''Theorem 1. The deformation (j,T) is a special deformation of type zero with limit \(1/\ell_ i\) at the cusp arising from \(z_ i\) and limit zero at the cusp which arises from the puncture in U/G. Theorem 2. If \((\psi,f)\) is a special deformation of type \(D=\sum^{s}_{i=1} (m_ i-1)z_ i\) with limits \(k_ i/d_ i (i=1,...,n_{\infty})\) then \((\psi{\mathbb{O}}j,f{\mathbb{O}}T)\) is a special deformation of type zero with limits \(k_ i/d_ i (i=1,...,n_{\infty})\) and \(m_ i/d_ i (i=1,...,s)\). Theorem 3. If \((\psi,f)\) and \((\psi,h)\) are two special deformations of G of types \(D=\sum^{s}_{i=1}(m_ i-1)z_ i\) and \(D'=\sum^{s'}_{i=1}(m'_ i-1)z'_ i,\) respectively, such that \(O(f)+O(h)\leq 2A(G)\) then \(f=h.''\) Here O(f) is the total branching order of f and A(G) is \((frac{1}{2}\pi)\times\) Poincaré area of the fundamental domain of G. A result (similar to Theorem 3) pertaining to finitely generated Kleinian groups is also proved.