Unicité et non unicité du problème de Cauchy pour une classe d'opérateurs différentiels à caractéristiques doubles (Q791746)

Let \((x_ 0,y_ 0)\) be a fixed point of \(\Omega\), \(\Omega\) an open set of \({\mathbb{R}}^ n\times {\mathbb{R}}\), and let P be a differential operator of the form \(P=\sum_{| \alpha | \leq 2}a_{\alpha}(x,y)D^{\alpha}_ x+c(x,y)D_ y (x\in {\mathbb{R}}^ n,y\in {\mathbb{R}})\), with coefficients in \(C^{\infty}(\Omega)\). Furthermore, assume that the principal symbol of P and the coefficient c are real- valued and that \(c(x_ 0,y_ 0)\neq 0\). The authors now define a notion of ''pseudoconvexity with respect to the double characteristics of P, in \((x_ 0,y_ 0)''\) for oriented non-characteristic hypersurfaces S given by \(f(x,y)=f(x_ 0,y_ 0) (f\in C^{\infty}(\Omega)\), \(df(x_ 0,y_ 0)\neq 0)\) and satisfying an additional condition (\(\psi)\). Under these assumptions, the following uniqueness theorem is proved: If u is a \(C^{\infty}(\Omega)\)-solution of the equation \(Pu=0\) and if u vanishes in \(\{(x,y)\in \Omega | f(x,y)>f(x_ 0,y_ 0)\}\) then there exists a neighborhood \(\omega\) of \((x_ 0,y_ 0)\) such that u vanishes in \(\omega\). The second main result of the paper is a non-uniqueness statement. If the above pseudoconvexity of S is violated in a strong sense, then a perturbation of P by a zero-order term of \(C^{\infty}\)- class is sufficient for the non-validity of local uniqueness: For all neighborhoods \({\tilde \omega}\) of \((x_ 0,y_ 0)\) there is a point \((x_ 1,y_ 1)\in S\) and a neighborhood \(\omega_ 1\) of \((x_ 1,y_ 1)\) such that there exist \(C^{\infty}(\omega_ 1)\)-functions u and b satisfying \(Pu+bu=0\), \(u=0\) in \(\{f(x,y)>f(x_ 1,y_ 1)\}\) and \((x_ 1,y_ 1)\in \sup p u\).