Quasi-monotone mappings on \(\theta_ n\)-continua (Q792654)

A continuous mapping f from a continuum X onto a continuum Y is quasi- monotone if, for every subcontinuum M of Y with nonvoid interior, \(f^{- 1}(M)\) has a finite number of components each of which is mapped onto M by f. A \(\theta_ n\)-continuum is one that no subcontinuum separates into more than n components. In a previous paper [ibid. 9, 111-116 (1978; Zbl 0397.54038)] the authors have shown that the image of a \(\theta_ 1\)-continuum under a quasi-monotone mapping is either a \(\theta_ 1\)- continuum or a \(\theta_ 2\)-continuum that is irreducible between two points. It is shown here that there is no simple generalization of the above theorem for quasi-monotone mappings of \(\theta_ n\)-continua with \(n>1\) and that if f: \(X\to^{onto}Y\) is quasi-monotone and X is a \(\theta_ n\)-continuum, then Y is a \(\theta_ n\)-continuum or a \(\theta_{n+1}\)-continuum that is the union of \(n+2\) continua H, \(S_ 1,...,S_{n+1}\), where, for each i, \(S_ i\) is the closure of a component of Y-H, \(S_ i\) is irreducible from some point \(p_ i\) to H, and H is irreducible about its boundary.