An extension of Hardy's class L of ''orders of infinity'' (Q793856)

Let B denote the ring of germs of continuous real-valued functions at infinity. There is a natural partial ordering on the ring. Two functions \(f,g\in B\) are called comparable if the difference (f-g) is ultimately \((=\) for all x sufficiently large) of definite sign and \(f\gg g\) if it is ultimately positive. This ordering plays an important role in the author's considerations. Particularly, every subfied of B containing real constants only (only such fields are considered) is an ordered field with respect to the relation \(\gg\). Let \(C^ SB\), \(C^{\infty}B\) and \(C^ AB\) denote the differential subrings of B consisting of the sufficiently smooth (upper index means smoothness degree) functions at infinity. The intersection of all maximal differential subfields of such CB ring forms a differential field \(E=E(CB)\). The field E has a number of significant properties. For example, the author proved (Theorems 6.1; 6.8; 10.1) that: (1) E is closed under composition of functions; (2) each function \(f\in E\) is ultimately (real) analytic, satisfies an algebraic differential equation and moreover, there exists an iterate \(\exp(\exp(...\exp(x)...))=g(x)\) of \(e^ x\), such that \(g\gg f\); (3) E is a real closed field; (4) if \(f\in E\), then \(e^ f\in E\); (5) if \(f\in E\) and \(f\neq 0\), then \(\ln | f| \in E\); (6) if \(f\in E,\) then \(\int^{x}f(t)dt\in E;\) (7) \(L\subset E\), where L denotes the class of Hardy's L-functions [see \textit{G. H. Hardy}, ''Orders of infinity'' (Cambridge, 1924)]. The consideration of properties of E takes a central place in the paper and are applied to study the growth properties of real solutions of the differential equation \(y'=h(x,y)\) at infinity. For this equation the author obtains the results which are stronger and more general than the corresponding results of Hardy [see \textit{G. H. Hardy,} Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 10, 451-468 (1912)]. In conclusion the author formulated following conjectures: \(\quad E(C^ SB)=E(C^{\infty}B)=E(C^ AB);\) 2) E contains a differential closure of \({\mathbb{R}}\) in CB; 3) E is closed under compositional inversion.