On the summability of eigenfunction expansions. I (Q793908)

The paper considers the Lebesgue summability of the eigenfunction expansion associated with the Schrödinger operator \(L=-\Delta +q(x)\) defined for x in a bounded domain \(\Omega\) in \(R^ 3\). Let \(x_ 0\in \Omega\) and let q(x) have the form \(q(x)=q_ 0(| x-x_ 0|)+q_ 1(x),\) where \(q_ 0\) and \(q_ 1\) are non-negative, \(q_ 1\in L_{\infty}(\Omega)\) and \(q_ 0(t)=O(t^{-3/2})\quad(t\to 0).\) With the domain of L as \(C_ 0^{\infty}(\Omega)\), let \(\lambda_ n\) and \(u_ n (1\leq n<\infty)\) denote the associated eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Then it is shown that, for \(f\in \overset \circ W^ 1_ 2(\Omega)\), the limit as \(h\to 0+\) of \(\sum^{\infty}_{n=1}(\sin h\lambda_ n^{1/2}/h\lambda_ n^{1/2})(f,u_ n)u_ n(x_ 0)\) exists (Lebesgue summability at \(x_ 0)\) if and only if \(\lim \int_{\theta}f(x_ 0+r\theta)\quad d\theta\) exists as \(r\to 0+\), where the integral is over the sphere with radius r and centre \(x_ 0\), with respect to the normalized Lebesgue measure. The proof involves an estimate \[ \sum_{| \mu_ n-\mu | \leq M}| u_ n(x_ 0)|^ 2\geq(const.)\mu^ 2,\quad \mu \geq 0,\quad \mu_ n=\lambda_ n^{1/2}, \] from which it follows that \(u_ n(x_ 0)\neq 0\) for infinitely many n. For this part of the proof, the milder condition \(\int_{0+}t\quad q_ 0(t)\quad dt<\infty\) is sufficient and close to necessary.